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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is memory? |
Memory is the ability to recall past learning, events, images, and ideas. |
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What are the 3 stages of processing memories? |
1)Encoding 2)Storage 3)Retrieval |
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What is encoding? |
Encoding is the first step to establish a memory. It organizes sensory information so the nervous system can process it. |
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What are two different levels of encoding? |
1)Shallow= repeating the material *eventually you run out of short term memory (superficial way) 2)Deep= comparing two words for shared meaning *making the existing things tied together and personally relevant. (deep processing way) |
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What are the three types of encoding? |
1)Structural- paying attention to properties of words, and how they look (staring @ it, hoping it will stick. VERY SHALLOW, WORST RECALL) 2)Phonological (phonemic)- paying attention to sound qualities of words (reading out loud. INTERMEDIARY, BETTER RECALL) 3)Semantic- paying attention to the meaning of the words (can make things meaningful, DEEP PROCESSING, BEST RECALL) |
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What is storage? |
Storage is the process of maintaining or keeping information readily available. |
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What are the three stages of memory storage? |
1)Sensory- initial encoding of stimuli *uses visual, auditory, tactile, and olfactory stimuli 2)Short-term- can retain about 7 (+/-2) items in this, can use chunking to help, repetitive review of info, usually not sufficient for transferring to long-term 3)Long-term- a relatively permanent storage area, the duration and capacity are both effectively infinite |
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What are the two types of rehearsal? |
1)Elaborative- repetition pus analysis *this allows for more info to be transferred to long-term memory 2)Maintenance- repetitive review with little or no interpretation *usually not sufficient to be transferred to long-term memory |
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What are the three types of sensory memory? |
1)Iconic- visual sensory memory, images in this type of memory are called 'icons' and last less than a second 2)Echoic- auditory sensory memory, echoic storage lasts only about three seconds 3)Tactile and Olfactory- less researched, believed to last less than a second |
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What is working memory? |
Working memory is a storage mechanism that temporarily holds current or recent information for immediate (short-term) use *it is involved with attention, and you don't have as much as you think you do |
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What are the four components of working memory? |
1)Visual Spatial Sketching Pad- stores visual and spatial information such as the appearance and location of objects *imagined sketch pad, visualize what happens 2)Phonological Loop- encodes, rehearses, and holds auditory information *reiterating a phone number 3)Episodic Buffer- holds "integrated episodes and provides a limited capacity storage system", or, it is what we perceive as reality *past, present, and future combined 4)Central Executive- controls the other three components by balancing the info flow and controlling attentional processes *compromises and multitasks |
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What are two general categories of long-term memory? |
1)Explicit memory- the process of recalling information intentionally 2)Implicit- the process of recalling information that we don't remember deliberately (don't need to think hard to recall it) |
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What are the types of long-term memory? |
1)Procedural memory- memory to do skills, pretty automated (riding a bike) 2)Declarative memory- memory for specific instructions on how to do something 3)Episodic memory- memory for specific personal events and situations (tv or movie that might be you) 4)Semantic memory- memory for facts 5)Habits- memory for actions, automated, learned without intentional practice (brushing teeth the same) 6)Skills- memory for actions, automated, that is learned with intentional practice (practicing to dance) |
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What is retrieval? |
Retrieval is the process by which stored information is reactivated or reconstructed from memory. |
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What are two measures of retrieval? |
fvgbh |
