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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What makes someone a person ? |
Change vs. stability Continuity vs. discontinuity |
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Two basic development questions? |
1. Does age affect personality? 2. Or does personality affect age? |
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What is personality? |
No one definition-but key uniting theme: -an organized and distinctive pattern of a combination of attributes, motives, values, and behaviors -characterizes a persons adaption to a situation. -endures over time, unique to individual, focus mainly on traits consistent across situations and time. |
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What does personality involve? |
Processes by which we try to understand our self, others, and world |
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What is the psychometric -individual differences approach to personality by Paul costa and ROBERT mcCrae? |
An empirical measurement approach using objective tests and questionnaires |
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What’s the five factor(big five) theory of personality? |
Five universal and stable components make up an individuals personality. Tested longitudinally with adults over a 20 year interval |
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What are the big five factor theory traits? |
OCEAN; -openness to experience -conscientiousness -extraversion -agreeableness -neuroticism |
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OCEAN; Openness to experience? |
Imaginative vs practical Independent vs conforming Preference for variety vs routine |
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Ocean; Conscientiousness |
Organized vs disorganized Careful vs careless Disciplined vs. impulsive |
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OCEAN; extraversion? |
Sociable vs retiring Fun loving vs sober Affectionate vs reserved |
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OCEAN; Agreeableness? |
Soft hearted vs ruthless Trusting vs suspicious Helpful vs uncooperative |
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OCEAN; Neuroticism |
Calm vs anxious Secure vs insecure Self satisfied vs self pitying |
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What are the hallmarks of adult personality? |
-stability and continuity -no frequent or extensive change -personality isn’t reorganized -basic personality remains stable through life and resists change |
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What’s the cross age consistency (stability) of personality through adulthood? |
Personality resistant to environmental change But social and historical context can be influential. |
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What happens in middle adulthood personality? |
Universal maturational change in achievement Less neuroticism, extraversion, and openness to experience More conscientiousness and agreeableness. |
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What is self concept? |
Totality of the individuals thoughts and feelings A person refers to him/herself as an object The way that people view and evaluate themselves |
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What does self concept include? |
Various aspects of self -self esteem is only one component |
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Self concept also pertains to other important parts of the self... |
Self image Self perception Self efficacy Self mastery(control) Self identities |
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In the first six months I the emerging self... |
Infants discover physical self Around 2-3 mo the infant shows personal agency An awareness that they can affect things and are also affected by things |
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Infancy-the emerging self: Self awareness & self recognition? |
Psychological state in which self becomes an object of attention Fully develops at about 18 months |
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Infancy-the emerging self: Joint attention? |
Difference in perceptions between self and others (parents) can be shared. |
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Infancy-the emerging self; Categorical self? |
Emerges 18-24 months Babies classify self and others through social categories Age, sex, gender |
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The self in childhood : Self in concrete terms... Kids self concept tends to be very concrete? |
Linked to specific traits, good or bad, possessions Wearing blue shirt, yellow balloon Im a good speller...but math is hard for me |
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By age 2 kids use I and mine a lot... |
Many physical characteristics to describe themselves Terms as good, bad, nice, mean |
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By age 8, kids focus on? |
Social identity; how other see them More abstract, descriptive, and personality traits terms are used. |
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Self concept, kids (4-8)? |
Inflated self views View self as better then they are |
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Around age 8 self concepts? |
Self ratings are consistent with actual competencies |
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Self in adolescence; teens self descriptions? |
More trait focused Less on concrete and physical properties More abstract and psychologically complex Focus on deep personality characteristics |
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Teens can distinguish between? |
Actual self (who I am) Future or possible selves (who I might become) Ideal self “who I would like to be” Feared self “who I dread becoming” |
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Gordon Gallup jr? |
Self awareness in primates Mirror test, monkeys can’t but chimps can |
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Michael Lewis and Jeanne brooks Gunn? |
Red dot on nose and mirror task Kids between 9-24 months rested Red dot on nose Younger kids touch dot on mirror as if not on their nose -behave like seeing another child, may wave, try to touch or kiss By 15-18 months; -child touches their own nose, most noticeable between 18-24 months |
