Psych Final Exam

Front 1

type of stress that occurs in a fearful situation that helps us decide to run away and save our lives ; stress causing

Back 1

adaptive stress

Front 2

type of stress that is prolonged and increases the risk of illness and health problems; chronic stress

Back 2

maladaptive stress

Front 3

the whole process of a person experiencing a stressor, appraising it, and producing stress reaction

Back 3

definition of stress

Front 4

stimulus that causes stress ex. missed apt

Back 4

stressor

Front 5

emotional and physical responses to stimulus that causes stress

Back 5

stress reaction

Front 6

a stress response system where...
1. outpour of epinephrine/ norepinephrine
2. increased heart and respiration rate
3. acute stress response
4. burst of energy

Back 6

Canon's fight or flight response

Front 7

stress response system where the hypothalamus and pituitary gland secrete cortisol over type

Back 7

slow stress response

Front 8

Selye's concept of the body's adaptive response to stress in three stages- alarm, resistance, exhaustion

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General adaptation syndrome GAS

Front 9

absence of control over stressors is predictor of stress/ health problems

Back 9

perceived control

Front 10

in psychoanalytic theory, the ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality.

Back 10

defense mechanisms

Front 11

in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety- arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness

Back 11

repression

Front 12

psychoanalytic defense mechanism in which an individual faced with anxiety retreats to a more infantile psychosexual stage where some psychic energy remains fixated
ex. a child may go back to the oral comfort of thumb- sucking

Back 12

regression

Front 13

psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which the ego unconsciously switches unacceptable impulses into their opposites. Thus, people may express feelings that are the opposite of their anxiety- arousing unconscious feelings
ex. I hate him because I love him

Back 13

reaction formation

Front 14

psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others
ex. "He doesn't trust me" when it actually means "I don't trust him"

Back 14

projection

Front 15

defense mechanism that offers self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one's actions
ex. habitual drinkers may say they drink with their friends "just to be sociable"

Back 15

rationalization

Front 16

psychoanalytic defense mechanism that shifts sexual or agressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person, as when redirecting anger toward a safer outlet
ex. children who fear yelling at their parents may instead kick the dog

Back 16

displacement

Front 17

unconscious mind is reservoir of unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, memories

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psychoanalysis

Front 18

1/3 aspects of self that is the pleasure principle; strive to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives; operating on pleasure, demanding immediate gratification

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Id

Front 19

1/3 aspects of self that is your conscience; provides standards for judgement and future aspirations

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super ego

Front 20

1/3 aspects of self that is largely conscious, reality principle; "executive" mediates demands of id and super-ego

Back 20

ego

Front 21

personality develops as a result of our efforts to resolve conflicts between biological impulses (Id) and social restraints (super ego)

Back 21

personality structure according to Freud

Front 22

when evaluating Freud's psychoanalytic theory we can find errors on 3 large issues..... they are...

Back 22

1. personality is not fixed from birth---keeps developing throughout lifetime
2. peer influence means a lot
3. painful memories are hard to repress--freud's theory rests on repression of painful experiences

Front 23

this perspective is a contemporary research on personality that makes much more sense to look at conscious motives and the characteristics people have...identifies 18,000 words representing traits

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trait perspective of Gordon Allport

Front 24

what are the big 5 personality factors ; 50% are heritable; common across cultures

Back 24

OCEAN
1. openness-...independent vs. conforming
2. conscientiousness... careful vs careless
3. extroversion... sociable vs retiring
4. agreeability... helpful vs uncooperative
5. neuroticism...stable/ unstable

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this controversy begins when Mishel points that traits may be enduring but the resulting behaviors in different situations is different... therefore traits are not good predictors of behavior

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person-situation controversy

Front 26

Bandera believes personality is the result of an interaction with our environment

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social- cognitive perspective

Front 27

a type of disorder where...
1. persistent and uncontrollable tenseness and apprehension
2. autonomatic arousal
3. unable to identify or avoid cause of their feelings

Back 27

generalizes anxiety disorder

Front 28

type of disorder where...
1. relatively short intense episodes- panic attacks
- heart palpitations
-shortness of breath
- choking sensations
- trembling
- fear of having an attack can attribute to anxiety/ panic

Back 28

panic disorder

Front 29

persistent and irrational fear of an object/ situation that disrupts behavior

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phobia

Front 30

persistent unwanted thoughts; repetitive thoughts such as concern with dirt/ germs

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obsession

Front 31

engaging in senseless rituals such as lining up pencils and books perfectly before starting to study

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compulsion

Front 32

disorder in which conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories, thoughts, emotions

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dissociative disorder

Front 33

psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning
ex. avoidant
- schizoid
- histrionic
- narcissistic
- borderline

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personality disorder

Front 34

type of disorder where person lack conscience for wrongdoing, sociopath, psychopoath, low stress response, reduced activity in frontal lobe (11%)

Back 34

antisocial personality disorder

Front 35

what happens during the depression cycle?

Back 35

1. stressful experiences
2. negative explanatory style
3. depressed mood
4. cognitive and behavioral changes

Front 36

a group of severe disorders chracterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions

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schizophrenia

Front 37

false beliefs often of persecution or grandeur that may accompany psychotic disorders

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delusions

Front 38

this theory suggests how we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition

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attribution theory

Front 39

the tendency for observers when analyzing another's behavior to underestimate the impact of personal disposition

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fundamental attribution error

Front 40

the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request

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foot in the door phenomenon

Front 41

influence resulting from a persons desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval

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normative social influence

Front 42

influence resulting from ones willingness to accept others opinions about reality

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informational social influence