Psych Final: Chapter 7

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encoding

Back 1

the process of aquiring information and entering it into memory

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acoustic encoding

Back 2

the mental representation of information as images

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visual encoding

Back 3

the mental representation of information as images

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storage

Back 4

the process od maintaining information in memory over time

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retrival

Back 5

the preocess of recalling informantion stored in memory

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episodic memory

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memory of an event that happened while one was present

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semantic memory

Back 7

a type of memory containing generalized knowledge of the world; facts
ex. 32 degrees is room temp.

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procedural memory

Back 8

a type of memory containing information about how to do things

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explicit memory

Back 9

the process in which people try to remember something

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implicit memory

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the unintentional influence of prior experiences

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levels-of-processing model

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a view stating that how well something is remembered depends on the degree to which incomming information is mentally processed
sensory memory- short-term memory- long term memory

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maintenance rehersal

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one of 2 types of mental rehersal; repeating information over and over to keep it active in short term memory

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elaborative rehersal

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a memorization method that involves thinking about how new information related to old information in long term memory

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transfer-appropriate processing model

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a model of memory that suggests that a critical determinant of memory is how well the retrival process matches the encoding process

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information-processing model

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A model of memory in which information is seen as passing through sensory memory, short-term and long term-memory

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sensory memory

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a type of memory that holds large amounts of incomming information very briefly, but long enough to connect one impression to the next

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sensory registers

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act as storage bins; hold incomming information long enough for it to be processes futher

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selective attention

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the focusing of mental resources on only part of the stimulous field

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short-term memory

Back 19

the maintenance component of working memory which holds unrehearsed information for a limited time

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working memory

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the part of the memory system that allows us to mentally work with, minipulate information being held in short term memory

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immediate memory span

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the maximum number of items a person can recall perfectly after once presentation of all the idems ( about 6 or 7)

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chunks

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Stimuli that are precieved as one unit or as a meaningful grouping of information

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Brown Peterson procedure

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A method for determining how long unrehearsed information remains in short term memory

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long term memory

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a relatively long lasting stage of memory whose capacity to store new information is believed to be unlimited

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primacy effect

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a characteristic of memory inwhich recall of the first two or three items in a list are particularly good

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regency effect

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a characteristic of memory in which recal is particularlty good for the last few items in the list

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retrieval clues

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stimuli that aid the recall or recognition of information stored in memory

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encoding specificity principal

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a principal stating that the ability of a cue to aid retrieval depends on the degree to which it it taps information that was encoded at the time of original learning

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context-dependent memory

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memory that can be helped or hindered by simularities or differences between the context in which it is learned and the context in which it is recalled

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state-dependency memory

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memory that is aided or impeded by a personal internal state

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spreading activation

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a principal that explains how information is retrived in semantic netword theories of memory

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schemas

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Mental representations of categories of objects, events, and people

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method of saving

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measuring forgeting by computing the difference between the number of repitions need to learn and after a delay relearn the same material

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decay

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the gradual disappearance of the mental representation of a stimulous

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interference

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the process through which either the storage or the retrieval of information is impared by the oresence of other information

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retroactive interference

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a cause of forgitting in which new information placed in memory interferes with the ability to recall information already in memory

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proactive interference

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a cause of forgetting in which information already is memory interferes with the ability to remember new information

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anterograde amnesia

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a loss of memory for any event that occurs after a brain injusy

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retrograde amnesia

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the loss of memory for event prior to a brain injury- can't remember weeks, months years before the injury

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mnemonics

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strategies for placing information in an organized context in order to remember it

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Serial position effects

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generally we remember the first several items and last several items

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Hippocampus

Back 42

a structure in the forebrain associated with the formation of new memories

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Hypothalamus

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A structure in the forebrain that regulates hunger, thrist, and sex drive

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Amgdala

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a structure in the fore brain that associates features of stimuli from two sensory modalities

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Semantic Encoding

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the meaning of experiences of factual information in memory
ex. kids in other countries know the words to songs but not the meaning