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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is family violence
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Range of harmful behaviors that occur between family and other household members
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what are the types of family violence
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Physical/emotional abuse/neglect of children
primarily by parent-guardian Abuse between adult intimate partners (IVP) especially husbands/boyfriends Marital rape Elder abuse primarily those physically dependent |
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what are the characteristics of family violence
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Multigenerational transition
Social isolation The use and abuse of power Drug and ETOH abuse |
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what are the conditions for violence
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The actual occurrence for violence requires:
A perpetrator Someone who by age or situation is vulnerable A crisis situation |
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the propensity for violence is rooted in what
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childhood
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the propensity for violence is maintained by what
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General lack of self-regard
Dissatisfaction with life Inability to assume adult roles Poor role models |
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what are characteristics of abusers
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Jealousy and possessiveness
Refuse to let partners work outside the home May accompany partners to ALL activities May forbid them to have friends Control finances |
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what is the vulnerable person
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The one in the family unit on whom violence is perpetrated
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what increases violence further
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pregnancy
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when does violence escalate
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when the victim makes a move toward independence
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when are victims at greatest risk for violence
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when they try to leave the relationship
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what do victims fear
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loss of security
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what is the crisis situation
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Any type of situation that adds stress on a family with a violent member
Stressful events tax coping skills leaving the perpetrator incapable of dealing with what is going on |
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what is the cycle of violence
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1. tension builds
2. abuse incident occurs- acute battering stage 3. making up/bargaining/promises-honeymoon stage 4. period of calm |
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what is the tension building stage
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Characterized by minor incidents such as shoving, pushing, and verbal abuse.
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what does the victim do in the tension building stage
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does not complain for fear of more severe abuse
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what happens in the acute battering stage
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The perpetrator releases built up tension by brutal beatings
Perpetrator is unable to control the degree of destructiveness The perpetrator may not remember what happened during the beating |
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what may the victim do in the acute battering stage
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depersonalizes the incident and is able to remember the beatings in detail
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what happens to the victim and perpetuator after the acute battering stage
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both are in shock
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what are the types of maltreatment
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Physical violence
Sexual violence Emotional violence Neglect Economic maltreatment |
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what is the honeymoon stage
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Characterized by kindness and loving behaviors
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what happens to the perpetuator during this stage
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Initially, the perpetrator feels remorseful and apologetic and may bring presents and make promises that this will not happen again
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what happens to the victim during this stage
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The victim usually believes the perpetrator and drops and legal charges
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what should be done in the assessment for family violence
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All assessments should include a history of physical, sexual, and emotional abuse; at the outset state that questions are part of routine assessment
Conduct a cultural assessment to ensure comprehensive ethnic knowledge |
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how should the assessment be done
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The assessment should be completed with the victim alone: insure safe location
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what is crucial in the nursing assessment
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Establishing trust is crucial if the client is to feel comfortable enough to self-disclose: sensitivity is key
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what are the signs of overt battery
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bruises, scars, burns, and other wounds in various stages of healing
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what should be done in the assessment for family violence
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All assessments should include a history of physical, sexual, and emotional abuse; at the outset state that questions are part of routine assessment
Conduct a cultural assessment to ensure comprehensive ethnic knowledge |
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when should you suspect violence
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Suspect violence if the explanation does not match the injury seen or if the victim is minimizing the seriousness of the injury
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how should the assessment be done
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The assessment should be completed with the victim alone: insure safe location
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what should you document in the initial assessment
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-Verbatim statements of who caused the injury and when it occurred
-A body map to indicate size, color, shape, areas, and types of injuries -Physical evidence, when possible, of sexual abuse Document Plan of Care Document any reassessment, ongoing evaluation and care plan updates |
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what is crucial in the nursing assessment
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Establishing trust is crucial if the client is to feel comfortable enough to self-disclose: sensitivity is key
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what are the signs of overt battery
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bruises, scars, burns, and other wounds in various stages of healing
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when should you suspect violence
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Suspect violence if the explanation does not match the injury seen or if the victim is minimizing the seriousness of the injury
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what should you document in the initial assessment
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-Verbatim statements of who caused the injury and when it occurred
-A body map to indicate size, color, shape, areas, and types of injuries -Physical evidence, when possible, of sexual abuse Document Plan of Care Document any reassessment, ongoing evaluation and care plan updates |
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what patients are most likely to be assessed for alcohol withdraw symptoms
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trauma
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how many patients admitted to the hospital are alcohol abusers
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1 out of 5
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what are the mortality and morbitiy rates of patients who abuse alcohol
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2 times greater
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alcohol abusers are at an increased risk for what
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multiple system dysfunction
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what neurotransmitters does short term alcohol use affect
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GABA-enhances receptors
NMDA-inhibits |
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what is the result of short term alcohol use
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depression of the behavioral inhibitory centers in the cerebral cortex and the reticular activating system causing initial euphoria, exaggerated feelings of well-being, and reduced self-control and then sedation and anesthesia
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what does long term alcohol use do to neurotransmitters
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GABA-decrease in inhibitory function
NMDA-increase in excitatory function |
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what does abrupt cessation of intake of alcohol produce
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rebound stimulatory effect, resulting in adrenergic hypersensitivity of the limbic system and brain stem, which can lead to irritability manifested as aggressive behavior, tremors and seizures.
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what are the types of tolerance
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metabolic, cellular, behavioral
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what does long term alcohol dependency lead to
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thiamine deficiency
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why does thiamine deficiency occur
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inadequate intake due to a poor nutritional state and interruption of the metabolism of thiamine by alcohol
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what are the major organs affected by thiamine deficiency
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peripheral nerves, heart, and brain
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what are the results of thiamine deficiency
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peripheral neuropathy, cardiomyopathy, hypertension, wernicke encephalophathy and korsakoff syndrome.
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what is wernicke encephalopathy
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ophthalmoglegia-paralysis of eye muscles
nystagmus-horizontal and vertical involuntary, rapid, rhythmic movements of the eyeballs ataxia-slow, uncertain, short-stepped gait |
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what are the symptoms of Korsakoff syndrome
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retrograde amnesia-inability to recall information
anterograde amnesia-inability to assimilate new information decreased spontaneity, decreased initiative confabulation-filling up memory gaps with distorted facts |
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what are the signs and symptoms of AWS
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autonomic hyperreactivity- tremors sweating, nausea, vomiting
neuropsychiatric alterations-agitation, anxiety, auditory disturbancs, clouding of sensorium and disturbances in visual or tactile senses |
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when do signs and symptoms of AWS occur
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24 hours after last drink
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when do symptoms of AWS peak
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24-36 hours
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when do AWS symptoms end
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48 hours
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when can alcohol withdraw delirium occur
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48-72 hours after the last drink
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what is the peak time of delirium
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4 days after cessation of alcohol use
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how long can delirium last
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2 or 3 days or in severe up to 2 weeks.
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what is the treatment for AWS
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meds and supportive care
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what meds are used for AWS
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benzodiazepines and thiamine
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what systems are affected by alcohol
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CNS, cardiovascular, hematopoietic, GI, musculoskeletal, cancer risk
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