Drugs And Behavior Final Exam

Front 1

Depression

Back 1

Mood Disorder
6.6% of Americans
25-30% suicide rate (untreated)
50% treated, 42% adequately
Medication and Psychotherapy useful
Co-morbid w/ANXIETY, substance abuse

Hint 1

general info

Front 2

Symptoms of Depression

Back 2

socially withdrawn
hyper/insomnia (sleep probs)
Anhedonia (loss of pleasure)
Suicidal Ideation
appetite disturbances
Lethargy
negative/restrictive affect
concentration/attention--> impaired memory (encoding)
feelings of worthlessness/helplessness/hopelessness

Hint 2

9 of them

Front 3

Diagnosing Depression

Back 3

* Anyone w/majority of these symptoms for 2 weeks = major depressive episode (which can last up to several months)
*recurrent depressive episodes = major depressive disorder

Front 4

History of Antidepressants

Back 4

Medical treatments for approx. 60 yrs
1st drug = Imipramine & tricyclics
MAOIs = monoamine oxidase inhibitors
2nd Generation/Atypical Antidepressants (welbutrin)
SSRIs

Hint 4

yrs and 4 classes of antidepressants

Front 5

Depression + Anxiety

Back 5

Agitated, anxious depression
usually don't sleep
weight loss

Front 6

Dysthymia

Back 6

chronic, low grade depression
fairly fxl (hold job, family)
can fx but they are not happy
**major depressive episodes are much easier to treat than dysthymics! dysthymics don't respond to txs!!!**

Hint 6

symptoms
who is easier to treat?

Front 7

*Neurotransmitters affected by depression?

Back 7

** NE
** DA
** SE

Front 8

Pathophysiology of Depression

Back 8

Reversible disease in brain
now seen as a disorder of neuronal plasticity (neurons that aren't fxing as good as they can) ~ meds jumpstart this
Stress-induced vulnerability leads to:
* genetic-environment interaction (family risk)
* the more dep. episodes one has the greater the risk for more

Front 9

MAOIs
Mono Amine Oxidase Inhibitors

Back 9

Used since 1950s
Nardil, Parnate, Marplan
INactive for about 20 yrs - not used much anymore - used mostly as an absolute last resort

Front 10

...Logical Effects of MAOIs

Back 10

*MAO is an enzyme that breaks down NE, SE, DA
*SO, MAOIs stop the breakdown of these neurotrans. to keep up higher levels in brain/body!!

Front 11

Types of MAOIs

Back 11

MAO-A: breakdown of NE & SE
MAO-B: breakdown of DA
MAOIs inhibit BOTH MAO-A & B but it is most important to break down the As
*It is thought that it is the breakdown of B that causes the nasty side fx.

Hint 11

A & B
What do they do?

Front 12

Side Effects of MAOIs

Back 12

Drug Interactions with: cold meds, antihystamines, nesal sprays - if you take them there is a HIGH risk of cardiac arrest
(**old ppl - they take a lotta meds!)
FOOD INTERACTIONS: TYRAMINE (protein found in MANY foods - any foods that are fermented!)
*Must follow very strict diet to be on these meds but that is hard to do due to increased risk of suicide and concentration is hard to follow!

Front 13

First Generation Antidepressants: Tricyclic Antidep.s

Back 13

Antidepressant, anxiolytic, analgesic effects
Set standard for antidep. meds!
Much less side fx than MAOIs

Front 14

Mechanism of Action for Trycyclics

Back 14

*BLOCK NE reuptake
*BLOCK SE reuptake

Side fx come from:
Blocks histamine receptors
Blocks ACh receptors (causes blurred vision, urinary probs, dry mouth, speech fx, prolonged periods may cause tooth decay)

Front 15

...Kinetics of Tricyclics
...Logical fx of " "

Back 15

KINETICS
*orally
*relatively long 1/2 life
*usually take b4 bed (1x/day)
LOGICAL
elevate mood
improve sleep & appetite patterns
reduce morbid preoccupation
analgesia
anxiolytic (commonly used to treat many anxiety disorders)

Front 16

Side Effects of Tricyclics

Back 16

Long onset (can take 4-8 wks to feel fx of meds)
must be taking them for an adequate time (1-2 mos) at an adequate dose
------------------------------
*Anticholinergic fx: headaches, dry mouth, urinary retention, blurred vision
*impaired: attn, motor speed fx, memory probs
*cardiac depression/arrhythmias, cardiotoxicity
*LETHAL in overdose!

Front 17

ATYPICAL ANTIDEPRESSANTS
Amoxapine
Trazadone

Back 17

Amoxapine (older):
NE re-uptake inhibitor (causes parkinsonian-like side fx
Trazadone (Desyrel):
Blocks subclass of SE receptors
AS effective as tricyclics
causes drowsiness (also used for sleep so taken at night)
good for anxiolytic depressants
safe in overdose
can cause increase in cardiac arrhythmia
POSSIBLE priapism (prolonged erection) but rare

Front 18

Atypicals -
Buproprin

Back 18

BUPROPRIN (wellbutrin):
*DA & NE reuptake inhibitor
anti-craving & anti-depressant
not sedating or toxic
can cause low blood pressure
can cause weight loss
**can be overstimulating (not good w/anxiety)
lowers seizure threshold

Front 19

Atypical -
Clomipramine

Back 19

(Anafranil)
structured like a tricyclic
used mostly for OCD
toxic in overdose
can inc. seizure risk
can cause psychosis
can dec. sex drive
can cause weight gain
can activate mania in those who may be bipolar/manic depressive

Front 20

Atypical -
Vanlafaxine

Back 20

(Effexor)
BLOCKS NE & SE
Lack the Ach side fx!
As effective as SSRIs
Good for pain! (analgesia)
Useful for fibromyalgia & chronic fatigue

Front 21

SSRIs
History
Drugs (names)

Back 21

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
--------------------------------
15-20 yr history
1st was Prozac
Revolutionized tx of depression due to drastic reduction in side fx
**ALL BLOCK ONLY SE!!**
More easily available via PCP
All equally effective w/minimal diff's, but are NOT interchangeable
Probably won't overdose!

*Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft, Luvox, Celexa, Lexapro*

Front 22

Clinical Uses for SSRIs

Back 22

Major Depression
Dysthymia
Anxiety Disorders (Panic, OCD, Generalized Anxiety)
*Main form of tx for depressants & anxieties*

Front 23

Serotonin Syndrome

Back 23

*high dose of 1 drug, more than 1 of them*
---------------------------------
Disorientation, confusion, hypomanic behavior (low mania), fevers, chills, sweats, diarrhea, inc. BP, attacacardia, ataxia (stumbling), hyperflexivity (jittery), visual hallucinations
*Most risky for this = Paxil
*Side fx will go away when the drug is stopped and can get worse if drug still taken
*Don't take other drugs!

Front 24

Serotonin Withdrawal Syndrome

Back 24

happens if you abruptly stop taking the meds - happens in 60% those who stop cold turkey!
---------------------------------
onset in a few days, can last 3-4 weeks
disequilibria, bad GI probs, fatigue, chills, sweats, sensory disturbances, electric shock feelings, insomnia, vivid dreams, anxious, irritability, easily agitated, prone to crying spells
*will stop if you start taking meds again
*likelihood of not happening if taken off meds properly
*LEAST likely to happen w/Prozac!

Front 25

2 MAJOR SIDE FX OF SSRIs

Back 25

1) GI Probs: upset stomach, bloating, gas
- tends to disappate after a week or so.
2) Sexual dysfunctions: male and female
-makes ppl stop taking meds
-dec. libido, ED, vaginal dryness, inability to achieve orgasm --> relationship difficulties
*reduce dose; try another med! (but will probably still get this with other SSRIs)

Front 26

Prozac
(Fluoxetine)

Back 26

-1st SSRI
-Long 1/2 life
-Available in weekly doses
-Effective in tx of PMDD
-Side fx same as SSRIs

Front 27

Paxil
(Paroxetine)

Back 27

-comorbid anxiety + depression
-FDA approval for anxiety disorders
-inc. est. risk or serotonin syndrome
-soothing antidepressant

Front 28

Zoloft
(Sertraline)
Luvox
(Fluvoxamine)

Back 28

-somewhat used for OCD, anti-anxiety, depression
*5X more potent than prozac!
---------------------------------
-OCD!!!

Front 29

Celexa & Lexapro
(Citalopram) (Escitalopram)

Back 29

-GOOD as anti-dep. and anti-anxiety (comorbidity!)
-Celexapro = 2x stronger than Celexa
-Potentially cause worst probs w/overdose --> in EXTREMELY high doses, can cause cardiac probs.

Front 30

MOOD STABILIZERS

Back 30

BIPOLAR DISORDER
Bipolar I
Bipolar II
Cyclothymia
Substance Abuse

Front 31

Bipolar Disorder

Back 31

Manic-Depressive Disorder
Recurrent episodes of mania and depression
5% of population
Bipolar I: manic episode was severe enough it needed hospitalization
Bipolar II: less severe manic episode
Cyclothymia: recurrent mood swings between depression and elation but less than BPII
"Rapid Cyclers": 4 illness episodes in a 12-mo period
------------------------------
1 in 4 or 5 bipolar people commits suicide
1/3 of BP patients are in active tx

-55% have history of substance abuse

Front 32

Mood Stabilizers
What do they do??

Back 32

-Stabilize acute mania, mixed, and depressive symptoms
-does not induce the alternate mood symptom
-prevents relapses into mania, mixed or depressive symptoms or episodes

Front 33

Goals in Tx
Types of Drugs used in tx of BP

Back 33

-Treat acute episodes of mania
-reduce recurrence of manic episodes
-maintain compliance w/therapy
-treat accompanying depression, psychosis, substance abuse
-establish/maintain therapeutic alliances
-promote regular patterns of activity and sleep
-anticipate stressors
-minimize fx'l impairment

--------------------------------
-Lithium
-Anticonvulsant neuromodulators
-Atypical antipsychotics
-Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Front 34

Mood Stabilizer -
Lithium
(brief info - card 1)

Back 34

Classic mood stablizer
effectively controls manic symptoms
reduces rate of recurrence
MANY serious and bothersome side fx and toxicity

Front 35

BP - Neuronal Injury

Back 35

BP is classified as a neurochemical disorder
differences in neuron densities (like depression)
BP is a deteriorating disorder if left untreated
*lithium & valproic acid inc. levels of cellular-protective protein --> reduction of brain damage and facilitation of neuronal recovery after brain injury!!*

Front 36

Mood Stabilizer -
Lithium
*history/use

Back 36

-was used in '20s as sedative-hypnotic for anticonvulsants
-'40s: used as salt substitute for heart disease patients
-use soared in '70s when it was found to be really good for mania ~ use declining now

Front 37

Lithium
...Kinetics

Back 37

...Kinetics
-orally (absorbed fast and completely) - peak in 3 hrs
-crosses BBB slowly and incompletely
-Long 1/2 life - takes about 1-2 weeks to reach steady state = 1x/day usage
-narrow therapeutic range (can be toxic)

Front 38

Lithium -
Side Fx
Toxicity

Back 38

-Can be toxic/fatal if plasma levels fall; non-therapeutic if not given enough.
-GI probs
-slight tremors, lethargy, impaired concentration, dizziness, slurred speech, ataxia, muscle weakness
-memory probs, weight gain --> therapy compliance issues
-enlarged thyroid, rashes and skin eruptions, frequent urges to pee, inc. in thirst and water intake
-cognitive deficits

Front 39

Lithium -
Pregnancy
Noncompliance
Combo Therapy

Back 39

Preggy: not recommended - can cause increase in teratogenic fx, esp in heart of fetus.
- use other mood stabilizers if they're needed during preggy.
Noncompliance: 50% of patients stop taking lithium against medical advice
-result of intolerance of side fx to drugs
-result of missing the "high" feeling of mania
Combos: lithium + antiepileptic drugs

Front 40

MOOD STABILIZER -
Neuromodulator Anticonvulsants

Back 40

-primary use was in tx of epilepsy
-also used for many other disorders: anxiety, intermittent explosive disorder, PTSD, Borderline, detox
-3 generations of anticon.s

Front 41

3 Generations of Anticonvulsants

Back 41

1st Gen: barbituates!
--------------------------------
2nd Gen: tegretol & depakote
-still used w/decent effectiveness but bad side fx
-need constant blood monitoring
-------------------------------
3rd Gen: Gabapentin (neurontin), Pregabalin, Lemotrigin (lamictal), Trileptal, Topomax
-1st line of tx for bipolar disorder
-Far surpasses lithium use today!

Front 42

Other Txs for BPD

Back 42

1. Atypical antipsychotics
-closaryl, rysperdol, syraquil, zyprexa
2. Acetycholinesterase Inhibitors
-inc. acetycholine in system
-not commonly used
3. Omega-3 Fatty acids
-fish oil, flaxseed oil etc.
-stabilize cell membranes in neurons
-begin to look @ b/c countries high in them have lower BPD cases
4. Misc. agents:
-antianxieties, inc. BP meds
-Not common/regular
5. Psychotherapeutic & psychosocial txs:
-good for relapse prevention
-help to understand warning signs and symptoms

Front 43

TREATING ANXIETY DISORDERS
Gen. Anxiety

Back 43

-Persistent worrying
-interferes w/daily fxing
-anxious personality? -always anxious about something
-really bad at making decisions (constantly thinking about the other option)
Txs:
-SSRIs -Psychotherapy -used to use benzos, not anymore
-hardest to treat of all anxiety disorders (besides PTSD)!!!!

Front 44

TREATING ANXIETY DISORDERS
Panic Disorder

Back 44

-frequent panic attacks:
heart beats fast, sweaty, sympathetic nervous system kicks in - thinks ur having a heart attack; intense crippling feeling
-ppl who are very sensitive to what is going on in their body; abnormal breathing

Panic Disorder W/ and W/OUT agoraphobia (restriction of behavior based on fear of having a panic attack)
-develops through classical conditioning
*if u have an attack at a mall you fear public places;
then another happens in ur car so u don't drive;
then happens while walking so u end up staying inside!
-----------------------------
Txs:
-SSRIs (to decrease anxiety)
-Benzos (before CNS response kicks in)
-Psychotherapy (hugely effective WITH and WITHOUT meds!)

Front 45

TREATING ANXIETY DISORDERS
Phobias

Back 45

-Irrational fear and/or avoidance of a specific object or situation that interferes with normal fx-ing
-Social Phobias:
*fear of embarrassment/evaluation by others
*don't initiate conversations
-Very treatable with psychotherapy
-Tx = systematic desensitization - exposure to the fear!!!

Front 46

TREATING ANXIETY DISORDERS
OCD

Back 46

Obsessions: unwanted, intrusive disturbing thoughts that cause ppl to become very anxious
*germs, imminent danger, orderliness

Compulsions: designed to reduce anxiety
*washing, checking, repeated rituals

Reinforcement Paradigm: negative reinforcement
*have obsession, get anxiety, do compulsive act to ease anxiety temporarily then it starts all over again.
*negative reinforcement occurs b/c you take away the anxiety w/the compulsion

-interferes w/normal, everyday fx-ing
-Tx:
*SSRIs
*Exposure & Response prevention

Front 47

TREATING ANXIETY DISORDERS
PTSD

Back 47

-Perceived life threatening trauma
-flashbacks, Flashbacks, sleep disturbance (don’t sleep well and when they do they tend to have nightmares), heightened startle reflex, hyper-vigilant (avoid any triggers or stimuli that reminds them of their trauma), intense anxiety and depression, severe emotional disregulation, high incidence of substance abuse
-Tx:
*Anxiolytics (to relieve anxiety and depression)
*Psychotherapy
*cognitive reprocessing therapy

Front 48

ANXIOLYTICS -

BENZOs

Back 48

-used for 50-60+ years for use in anxiety, seizures, sleep probs
**TOTAL GABA AGONISTS!!!!**

Facilitate binding of gaba to post-synaptic neuron – hyperpolarizes that neuron = less likely to fire = less cns activity = cns depressant effect

VERY good at treating anxiety disorders!

Front 49

Benzos -
...kinetics

Back 49

-taken orally, processed by GI tract
-sometimes injectable; sometimes under tongue
-Short, Intermediate and Long-Acting benzos
*long acting stay in system for many, many hours!!!
*elderly don't tolerate well - stay in system too long and they can't tolerate it. ~ but, elderly are always anxious and they can't do much else!

Front 50

Benzos -
Long-Acting
Intermediate-Acting
Short-Acting

*1/2 life; Specific Drugs

Back 50

-1/2 life = 20-100 hrs!
-Diazapam (Valium) {sedating}, Chlordiazepoxide (Librium) {used in alcoholics in detox to min. withdrawal fx
------------------------------
-1/2 life = 10-50 hrs
-Lorazepam (Ativan) {fast-acting, sedating effects – used for psychotics}, Clonazepam (Klonopin) {very commonly used to treat anxiety – least addicting – panic disorder, gen. anxiety, ptsd}
------------------------------
1/2 life = 1.5-3.5 hrs
-Temazepam (restoril) {wipes out STM in medical procedures}, Oxazepam (Serax) {old anti-anxiety med},Temazepam (Restoril), Triazolam (Halcion){sleep med}, Alprazolam (Xanax) {most dangerous in addiction potential, very short ½ life – most commonly used for panic disorder (prescribed as needed) – rebound anxiety caused by the short ½ life, prescribed to help people fall asleep – very small doses}

Front 51

BENZOs -
Clinical Uses & Limitations
Side Fx

Back 51

-Sleep, alcohol detox, sedatives during surgeries, anti-seizures (not 1st line, though)
-not safe for elderly, adolescents or kids
-high risk of conjuction w/alcohol
-potentially addictive so only use for short periods of time
------------------------------
-sedating
-cog. sid fx: memory, poor decision making, slowed thought processes, feel like ur in a haze
-muscle probs: poor coordination, weakness, ataxia ("drunk walking!")

**VERY SIMILAR TO ALCOHOL**

-Hard to overdose but probably wouldn't die from overdosing-

Front 52

Benzos -
Tolerance and Dependence
Preggy

Back 52

-DO develop tolerance AND dependence!!
-can't be used at high doses for a long time!
-if you do need to take it long time, use klonapin!
------------------------------
-freely passes BBB and placental barrier
-"floppy baby syndrome"

Front 53

SECOND GENERATION ANXIOLYTICS
-similar to benzos but NOT benzos!-

Back 53

-Used for sleep! very sedating!
-Ambien, Sonata, Imovane
**Partial agonists at GABA-A receptors!!!**
--------------------------------
Serotonergic anxiolytics: SSRIs - inhibit serotonin reuptake helps w/anxiety
*they work and they work well but they take a long time to work!
-------------------------------
Anticonvulsants as anxiolytics: not used much anymore
-------------------------------
*Anti-depressants as anxiolytics: front line of treatment!!*

Front 54

SCHIZOPHRENIA

(antipsychotics)

Back 54

-"split mind" -NOT mpd!
-approx. 1% of population
-chronic, no cure ~ good ways to manage but no way to cure
-develops between early adolescence and mid-late 20s
*usually around 18-22 is 1st psychotic break
-earlier onset + longer it takes to fully develop = *HARDER* to treat!
-prodromal phase = period of time when u start to act "weird"
*longer = worse
-better to get psychotic very fast and very intensely ~ better prognosis
-biologically based/genetic predisposition
-traumatic events/drugs can TRIGGER predisposition -> NOT cause it!!

**MAJOR MENTAL ILLNESS**VERY HIGH SUICIDE RATE**

LIFE OF SUFFERING

Front 55

POSITIVE Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Back 55

*THINGS ARE PRESENT THAT SHOULDN'T BE PRESENT*
-Hallucinations:
*auditory! hear voices, growling, "God" and they're not saying nice things!
*if one smells or tastes things that aren't there = tumors
-Delusions: fixed, false beliefs
*non-bizarre - could conceivably be true (ex. FBI is watching me)
*bizarre - couldn't conceivably be true (ex. been abducted by aliens)
-Neologisms: "word salad"
-Paranoia: ppl are out to get me
-Distorted perceptions in general: time distortions, places etc.

Front 56

NEGATIVE Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Back 56

*THINGS ARE NOT PRESENT THAT SHOULD BE*
-Emotionally blunted: non-animated affect (no emotion)
-withdrawn: don't want to be around other people
*become catatonic: severe loss of motor fx
-sleep disturbance: sleep a lot (usually) from drugs or to avoid psychotic symptoms
-avolitional: severe lack of motivation
*very difficult to do basic things (brushing teeth, shower, cook, clean clothes etc.)
-"Poverty of Speech": Don't talk much - respond w/one-word answers, don't say anything (really)

Front 57

Meds for Schizophrenia

Back 57

1st Drugs Used:
*Classical antipsychotics
*Traditional antipsychotics
*Neuroleptics
2nd class Drugs:
*Atypical Antipsychotics
(Before Meds: holes in head, cold towel wraps, dunk in cold water, labodamies)
------------------------------
Minor/Major Tranquilizers -->
*Minors: Benzos! but NO anti-psychotic fx! purely anxiolytic!
*Majors: 1st drugs listed above

Front 58

Schizo Meds on NEUROTRANSMITTERS

Back 58

DOPAMINE: psychotics have too much DA
-1st class of drugs worked on DA-2 receptors to block DA
-Acts on pos. symptoms of schizo.
SEROTONIN: too much SE~ believed to be due to studying LSD fx
-Atypical antipsychotics
*work on POS & NEG symptoms
-More of an impact on neg. symptoms
GLUTAMATE: related to SE
-indirect fx due to connection w/SE

Front 59

PHENOTHIAZINES

Back 59

-Accidentally found in 1950s
-Major tranquilizer
-1st/major drug = chlorpromazine (thorazine)
**WORK MAINLY ON DA(-2) receptors**
-GREAT at txing pos. symptoms, no fx on neg.s
-Fx on:
*limbic system (emotional-fear, emotion etc)

Front 60

Side Fx of Phenothiazines

Back 60

1) Brain stem: suppress vomit reflex, suppress respiration
2) Bailganglia: (DA-rich part of mid-brain, motor fx)
-looks like parkinsons (tremors)
EXTRA PARMETAL Symptoms (EPS): [caused by medication, not illness]
*akathesia (constantly jumping out of skin)
*dystonias (random involuntary movements)
*parkinson-like (tremors, poor balance)
If you experience EPS:
-stop meds and become psychotic again
-take other meds to balance (polypharmacy)
-go on atypicals
3) Hypothalamic petuitary area:
*changes in hunger, body temp, hormonal difficulties, sexual side fx

Front 61

Other Side Fx of Phenothiazines

Back 61

Anticholinergic: dry mouth, cognitive slurring, sedating
"Thorazine shuffle": discombobulated walking
Suppress respiration
Cardiac Arrhythmias
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS):
*SEVERE cognitive dysfx
*SEVERE Locking joints, Cardiac arrest etc.
Don't develop tolerance or dependence

Front 62

Alternative Meds to Phenos

Back 62

Thorazine & Haldol: Higher potency, Lower doses!!!
*Administered orally
*much more efficient via IV or IM
Haldoperidol (Haldol):
*very good antipsy. fx
*cause a lot of BPS/side fx
*orally, IM, IV - oral side fx worst, IV best
*acute psychosis, delerium - will clear delerium but must use in right way.

Front 63

ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS
Clozapine (clozaril)

Back 63

-since '50s
-orally
...Dynamics
**DA BLOCKER @ D-4 receptors**
-less side fx on pos. symptoms for schizo.
**SE BLOCKER**
-helps w/negative symptoms

-Fewer side fx as far as BPS
-works on both pos & neg symptoms
-Can treat earlier!!

*PROFOUND EFFECTIVENESS!*
-makes them verbal, talkative, affective - wouldn't know they were schizo!-

Front 64

Side Fx of Clozapine

Back 64

-intense weight gain, constipation, tends to make you drool
-sedating
-withdrawal symptoms if stopped abruptly
-Toxicity -- it can kill you!!
--> ANGRANULOCYTOSIS~ major drop in white blood cells = no immunity to fight infections.
~need frequent blood monitoring to monitor the white blood cell count
~reversible when off drug.

Front 65

ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS
Risperidone (Risperdol)

Back 65

-Orally
-effective in treating pos & neg. symptoms w/NO EPS
-doesn't cause angranulocytosis
------------------------------
Side fx:
-high doses can cause EPS
-nausea, weight gain
-GOOD = considered to be safe in breast feeding
-sedating

Front 66

ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS
Olanzapine (Zyprexa)

Back 66

-Orally
**SE and DA blocker!!**
-Rarely causes EPS
-Very commonly used in tx of bipolar disorder, too
-Very bad weight gain (suppress "full feeling" mechanism)

Front 67

ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS
Oventiapine (Seroquil)

Back 67

-Very effective!
-fewer side fx
-not as severe weight gain
-used often in tx for bipolar disorder

Front 68

ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS
Aripiprazole (Abilify)

Back 68

According to pharmaceutical cos it is "next best thing"
**DA Blocker and 2 SEs Blocker**
-Depression and Anxiety mgmt
-"Claim" it doesn't cause weight gain
-Not prescribed much
-Adjudactly in bipolar

Front 69

Add'l Problems w/Atypicals

Back 69

-Weight gain: most ppl take this over psychosis!
-Higher risk for developing diabetes & hyperglycemia
*due to a suppression in insulin, limited pancreatic effectiveness, weight gain
-Electrocardiographic abnormalities
*can disrupt regular beating patterns of heart.