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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Medieval times view of children
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miniature people (big head, big muscles)
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For what reason did Aries think people weren't studying children?
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High mortality rates in children, they just weren't worth in
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What put focus on babies finally?
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the church, through baptism, etc.
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Longitudinal method of research
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follows children over time, time consuming
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Cross-sectional method of research
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brings in people from different age groups
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Longitudinal-sequential method of research
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follows groups of children from one to two, two to three, etc. overlapping times
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Case studies
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following children INTENSELY over time
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Charles Darwin
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obsessive over his son; noticed he made animal-like faces and became upset when his mother left
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Alfred Binet
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three daughters, special needs, IQ test
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Alfred Binet
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observed different cognitive skills in his three daughters, created the IQ test, interested in special education
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Itard & Victor
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Itard tried to civilize Victor
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Who did Itard read about to help study Victor?
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Etienne Bonnot de Condillac (first French psychologist)
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Itard created an educational program which focused on what three things?
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sensory education, behavior modification, oral language
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What are some of the observations Itard made about Victor?
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becomes sensitive to temperature just as adults are, his development was based on the senses
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What did Itard realize was the main change needed to be made to civilize Victor?
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change in ENVIRONMENT
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What did Itard use to teach Victor about proper behavior?
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reward system
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Seguin
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studied the education of individuals with intellectual disabilities
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Maria Montessori
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preschools
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Thalidomide
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drug popular in the 50s/60, resulted in horrible birth defects
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Which period had the most detrimental effects under thalidomide
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embryonic (3rd-8th week)
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Early effects vs. late effects of thalidomide
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early: severe
late: no limbs |
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When did a French physician alert people about the dangers of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
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1960s
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Fetal alcohol syndrome is highest in which racial background?
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Native American
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Which period is the worst to consume alcohol while pregnant
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embryonic/first trimester
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What happens to the child's brain under FAS
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smaller, contains holes
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Mercury (and other neurotoxins) has had connections with what in infants?
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autism
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How many babies are born prematurely and from what two countries are most premature babies in?
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1/10
Africa, United States |
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What is retrolental fibroplasia
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abnormal blood vessel development in the retina of the eye of the premature infant
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How do male and female premature infants differ?
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male premature infants are more impaired
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What three types of genetic counseling can be made to see if the baby is okay?
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amniocentesis - injecting needle in the 16th week to take out amniotic fluid and study
chorionic villus sampling - testing for abnormalities blood test - taking blood from the mother, discovered 2012 |
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For what reasons did people swaddle infants
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warm, secure, keeps spine erect, handedness
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Gesell
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maturational unfolding, predetermined factos, studied children of different ages and assessed their development, found typical characteristics of each age
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Gates
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memory skills and experience: had four year olds get massive memory training, they were better at first, but over time went back to the level of the control group
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Gates' conclusion on memory building
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there are no long term affects of practice on memory building
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Hilgard
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motor skills and experience: tested two groups (one with lots of motor skills experience, one without)
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Hilgard's conclusion
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there are no long term affects of practice with motor skills
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Dennis and Dennis study
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argued against maturational unfolding, reared twin girls in substantial neglect to see if environmental deprivation would have an effect on development
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What observations/notes did Dennis take on the twin girls
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they could not sit up unassisted, couldn't vocalize
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Skeels
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orphanage and ward study
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Why did the orphans fare better in the ward for women?
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they received more attention and one on one interaction
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What was the outcome of IQ scores in children at the ward versus ones that stayed in the orphanage
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Ward: improved
Orphanage: declined |
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During what time period did Skeels do his study?
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1939, Great Depression
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Spitz
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Foundling home and Nursery
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What was wrong with the foundling home in Spitz's study?
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The director wanted as little interaction as possible between infants and staff because of disease
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In Spitz's study, what were some characteristics he observed about the children?
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no spirit, non-interactive, no enthusiasm
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what group did Spitz compare the foundling home to?
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the nursery for children with criminal mothers; however, they got a lot of attention from their mothers
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What was the overall outcome of Spitz's study?
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The foundling home resulted in deteriorating children in comparison to the nursery
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