Psych Exam 3 (Ch.15, 16)

Front 1

what is Thomas Szasz famous for?

Back 1

arguing that "mental illness is a myth" and that mental disorders are nothing more than conditions society does not like

Front 2

5 criteria for what a mental disorder is...

Back 2

1. statistical rarity 2. subjective distress 3. impairment 4. societal disapproval 5. biological disfunction

Front 3

who created the moral treatment approach and what did it change in asylums?

Back 3

Phillippe Pinel and Dorothea Dix

treated patients with dignity and respect and gave them more freedoms in the asylums, like to walk around and talk to others

Front 4

what are the 4 misconceptions about psych classification?

Back 4

1. psych diagnosis is just sorting people into different "boxes" 2. diagnosis is unreliable 3. diagnosis are invalid 4. diagnosis stigmatize people

Front 5

DSM

Back 5

diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders- diagnostic system containing the American Psych Assoc criteria for mental disorders

Front 6

how many different classes of disorders are there according to the DSM?

Back 6

17

Front 7

what are the criteria for diagnosing a person with major depression?

Back 7

must exhibit at least 5 of the 9 symptoms including 1 of the first 2 over a two week period

Front 8

axis

Back 8

dimension of functioning

Front 9

prevalence

Back 9

percent of people within a population who has a specific mental disorder

Front 10

comorbidity

Back 10

co-occurrence of 2 or more diagnoses within the same person

Front 11

categorical model

Back 11

model in which a mental disorder differs from normal functioning in kind rather that in degree

Front 12

dimensional model

Back 12

model where a mental disorder differs from normal functioning in degree rather than kind

Front 13

which model is a downfall of the DSM-IV and why? categorical or dimensional?

Back 13

it relies to much on categorical because it tends to say a mental disorder is either present or absent, no in between

Front 14

involuntary commitment

Back 14

putting someone with mental illness in a psych hospital based on their potential danger to themselves or others

Front 15

somatoform disorder

Back 15

condition marked by a physical symptom that suggest an underlying medical illness, but that are actually psychological in origin

Front 16

what percent of people will meet diagnostic criteria for an anxiety disorder sometime in their life?

Back 16

29%

Front 17

GAD

Back 17

generalized anxiety disorder- continual feeling of worry, anxiety, tension etc across many areas of life functioning

(3% of population have this)

Front 18

agoraphobia

Back 18

fear of being in a place of situation from which escape is difficult of embarrassing, or in which help is unavailable in the event of a panic attack

Front 19

specific phobia

Back 19

intense fear of objects, places, or situations that is greatly out of proportion to their actual threat

Front 20

social phobia (social anxiety disorder)

Back 20

marked fear of public appearances in which embarrassment or humiliation seems likely

Front 21

obsession

Back 21

persistent idea, thought, or impulse that is unwanted and inappropriate, causing stress

Front 22

compulsion

Back 22

repetitive behavior or mental act performed to reduce or prevent stress

Front 23

major depressive disorder

Back 23

-lingering depressed mood/ diminished interest in fun
- weight loss
- sleep difficulties

Front 24

manic episode

Back 24

-inflated self esteem
-no need for sleep
-excessive involvement in pleasurable activities

Front 25

bipolar disorder 1

Back 25

presence of 1 or more manic episodes

Front 26

dysthymic disorder

Back 26

low-level depression of at least 2 years

Front 27

hypomanic disorder

Back 27

less intense manic episode

Front 28

bipolar disorder 2

Back 28

patients must experience at least 1 major depressive episode and 1 hypomanic episode

Front 29

cyclothymic disorder

Back 29

cycles of numerous periods of hypomanic and depressive symptoms

Front 30

cognitive model of depression, who created it?

Back 30

theory that depression is caused by negative beliefs and expectations

Aaron Beck

Front 31

learned helplessness

Back 31

tendency to feel helpless in the face of events we can't control

Front 32

who experimented on learned helplessness?

Back 32

Martin Seligman (and Bruce Overmier)

Front 33

formerly called manic depressive disorder, condition with manic episodes

Back 33

bipolar disorder

Front 34

which is the most genetically influenced of all mental disorders?

Back 34

bipolar disorder

Front 35

2 highest risk of suicide disorders?

Back 35

depression and bipolar disorder

Front 36

suicide takes what number leading cause of death in the united states?

Back 36

11th leading cause of death (3rd in children and young adults)

Front 37

about how many people commit suicide in the US every year?

Back 37

30,000

Front 38

5 big myths about suicide

Back 38

1. talking to persons with depression about it makes them more likely to do it 2. suicide is almost always done without warning 3. as depression lifts, suicide risk decreases 4. most people who threaten are seeking attention 5. people who talk a lot almost never commit

Front 39

personality disorder

Back 39

condition in which personality traits, appearing as a child, are inflexible, stable, expressed in a wide variety of situations and lead to distress or impairment

Front 40

borderline personality disorder

Back 40

condition marked by extreme instability in mood, identity and impulse control

Front 41

psychopathic personality

Back 41

condition marked by superficial charm, dishonesty, manipulativeness, self-centeredness and risk taking

Front 42

antisocial personality disorder (ASPD)

Back 42

condition marked by a lengthy history of irresponsible and/or illegal actions

Front 43

dissociative disorder

Back 43

condition involving disruptions in the consciousness, memory, identity or perception

Front 44

what is known as the "cancer" of mental illnesses?

Back 44

schizophrenia, bc it is the most severe and mysterious

Front 45

delusions

Back 45

strongly held, fixed belief that has no basis in reality

Front 46

hallucination

and what is the most common type?

Back 46

sensory perception that occur in the absence of an external stimulus

command hallucinations, auditory hallucination telling a person what to do

Front 47

catatonic symptoms

Back 47

motor problems: extreme resistance to complying with simple suggestions, holding the body is bizarre positions, curling up in the fetal position

Front 48

autism

Back 48

-deficits in language
-social bonding
- imagination
- mild mental retardation

Front 49

called the common cold of psychological disorders

Back 49

depression

Front 50

one of the most controversial challenges in diagnosing ADHD in children is distinguishing it from....

Back 50

early-onset bipolar disorder

Front 51

T/F a symptom typical of an individual with a schizoid personality disorder is detachment from social relationships?

Back 51

trueeeeee

Front 52

what idea of mental disorders is the diathesis-stress model of schizophrenia built on?

Back 52

they are a product of genetic vulnerability combined with stressors that trigger the vulnerability

Front 53

the medical model

Back 53

regards mental illness primarily as a physical disorder requiring medical treatment

Front 54

theorist who proposed that depression should be seen as a social disorder bc they seek excessive reassurance which causes other people to reject them.. ?

Back 54

Freud

Front 55

according to Seligman there are striking parallels between learned helplessness and _____ symptoms

Back 55

depressive

Front 56

According to Freud, the goal of psychoanalysis is to __________ by bringing to awareness previously repressed impulses, conflicts, and memories

Back 56

decrease guilt and frustration

Front 57

how many patients appear to actually become worse following psychotherapy?

Back 57

5 to 10 %

Front 58

empathy

Back 58

therapist who can regard the world as the patient views it

Front 59

Dean’s therapist employed the two-chair technique to help him integrate the “party boy” and “mama’s boy” aspects of his personality. This technique is a hallmark of _______ therapy

Back 59

Gestalt

Front 60

Bob is about to undergo vagus nerve stimulation to treat his severe depression. Where will the surgeon implant the stimulator device?

Back 60

near his breastbone

Front 61

Vagus nerve stimulation is primarily used to treat what?

Back 61

severe depression

Front 62

interpersonal therapy has been successful in treating what?

Back 62

depression

Front 63

what has led to a recent decrease in the prescribing of antidepressants?

Back 63

FDA warnings about side effects

Front 64

the two-chair technique is used by ____ therapists

Back 64

Gestalt

Front 65

tardive dyskinesia

Back 65

involuntary movements

Front 66

medication is effected by the 3 following differences between people

Back 66

weight, age, and race

Front 67

paraprofessionals

Back 67

person with no professional training who provides mental health services

Front 68

T/F the type of psychotherapy you pick is more important than the therapist

Back 68

false- the choice of therapist is every bit as important as the type of therapy

Front 69

psychodynamic therapy

Back 69

treatments inspired by the classical psychoanalysis and influenced by Freud's techniques

Front 70

insight therapies

Back 70

psychotherapies, including psychodynamics, humanistic and group approaches with the goal of expanding awareness and insight

Front 71

what are the 6 primary approaches psychoanalytic therapists use to fill Freud's goal of psychoanalysis

Back 71

1. free association 2. interpretation 3. dream analysis 4. resistance 5. transference 6. working through

Front 72

free association

Back 72

technique in which clients express themselves without censorship of any kind

Front 73

interpersonal therapy (IPT)

Back 73

treatment that strengthens social skills and targets interpersonal problems, conflicts, and life transitions

Front 74

advantages of group therapy

cautions of group therapy

Back 74

social support, cost effective, practice with social skills

some people need individual sessions, embarrassment,

Front 75

dodo bird verdict

Back 75

some researchers believe that all treatments are equal and effective

Front 76

spontaneous remission

Back 76

unrelated to therapy

Front 77

placebo effect

Back 77

"im receiving treatment therefore i should be feelings better"

Front 78

self-serving biases

Back 78

convince themselves they've been helped, invested time and money so I must be getting better

Front 79

regression to the mean

Back 79

extreme scores become less extreme on re-testing

Front 80

retrospective rewriting of the past

Back 80

adjusting pretreatment memories

Front 81

systematic desensitization

Back 81

clients are taught to relax as they are gradually exposed to what they fear in a stepwise manner

Front 82

anti-anxiety medications treat what (3)

Back 82

alcohol detox, depression, control blood pressure

Front 83

antidepressants treat what (4)

Back 83

panic disorders, pain relief, eating disorders, OCD

Front 84

mood stabilizers treat what (1)

Back 84

bipolar disorder

Front 85

antipsychotics treat what (1)

Back 85

tourette syndrome

Front 86

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Back 86

patients receive brief electrical pulses to the brain that produce a seizure to treat serious psych problems