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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The process of thinking or mentally processing information (images, concepts, words, rules, symbols) |
Cognition (thinking) |
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Thought that is passive, effortless, automatic |
Experiential processing |
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Thought that is active, effortful, and controlled |
Reflective processing |
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A mental representation that has picture-like qualities |
image |
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A generalized idea representing a category of related objects or events |
Concept |
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Words or symbols, and rules for combining them, used for thinking and communicating |
language |
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Process of classifying information into meaningful categories |
concept formation |
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The process of classifying information into meaningful categories |
concept formation |
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A class of objects that have two or more features in common ex. a motorcycle must have two wheels and handlebars |
conjunctive concept |
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Based on how an object relates to something else, or how its features relate to one another ex. larger, above, north |
relational concepts |
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Have at least one of several possible features ex. a strike is either a swing or a miss one or the other |
disjunctive concepts |
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ideal models to identify concepts |
prototype |
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words or concepts is their exact definition ex. naked means having no clothes |
denotative meaning |
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emotional or personal meaning ex. would you rather eat rare prime rib or a bloody slab of dead cow |
connotative meaning |
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The study of meaning in language |
semantics |
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translates the world into symbols that are easy to manioulate |
encode |
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basic speech sounds |
phonemes |
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smalles meaningful units in a language ex. syllables or words |
morphemes |
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a set of rules for combining language into meaningful speech |
grammar |
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rules for ordering words when forming sentences |
syntax |
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Rules by which a simple sentence may be changed to past tense, passive voice, etc) |
Transformative rules |
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Strategy for identifying and evaluating problem solutions |
Heuristic strategy |
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The tendency to repeat wrong solutions or faulty responses, becoming blind to alternatives |
fixation |
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a rigidity in problem solving caused by an inability to see new uses for familiar objects |
functional fixedness |
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inhibition or fear of making a fool of oneself, fear of making a mistake |
emotional barriers |
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values that hold that fantasy is a waste of time, playfulness is for kids, *problem solving barrier |
cultural barrier |
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Ex. a cook doesn't have any clean mixing bowls and fails to see that he can use a frying pan as a bowl what type of problem solving barrier? |
learned barrier |
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failure to identify important elements of a problem |
perceptual barrier |
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going from specific facts or observation to general principles ex. inferring the laws of gravity by observing many falling objects |
Inductive thought |
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Thought that applies a general set of rules to specific situations ex. using the law of gravity to predict the behavior of a falling object |
deductive thought |
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intuitive, associative, personal thought |
intuitive |
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in tests of creativity, refers to the total number of solutions produced |
fluency |
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In tests of creativity, it is indicated by the number of different types of solutions produced |
flexibility |
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lines of thought converge on the answer |
convergent thinking |
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Thinking that produces many different ideas or alternatives |
divergent thinking |
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Made up of age-ranked questions that get a little harder at each age level |
Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale, fifth edition |
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The SB5 measures five cognitive factors: |
Fluid reasoning Knowledge Quantitative reasoning Visual-Spatial processing Working memory |
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What SB5 cognitive factor? An apprentice is to master as a novice is to an ______ How are an apple, a plum, and a banana different than a beet? |
Fluid reasoning |
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What SB5 cognitive factor? Why is yeast added to dough? What does cryptic mean? |
Knowledge |
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What SB5 cognitive factor? Problem solving If I have six marbles and you give me one, how many marbles will I have? |
Quantitative reasoning |
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What SB5 cognitive factor? Putting pictures together and copying geometric shapes |
Visual-spatial processing |
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What SB5 cognitive factor? Using STM Correctly remember the order of the colored beads on a stick Repeat a series of digits after hearing them once |
Working memory |
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Intelligence test that separates scores for performance, intelligence, and verbal intelligence |
Wechsler adult intelligence scale - fourth edition WAIS-IV |
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An index of intelligence defined as a persons mental age divided by their chronological age and multiplied by 100 |
Intelligence Quotient (IQ) |
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IQ formula |
MA ------ x 100 = IQ CA |
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Children with IQ's of 140 or more were followed from childhood into adulthood and found quite successful However not all succeeded IQ reveals potential, does not guarantee success "termites" |
Lewis Terman |
