Psych Exam #3

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11

1. The role of repressed childhood conflicts in personality disorders is most clearly emphasized by the ________ perspective.

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psychoanalytic

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2. Jaydon has difficulty planning ahead and making decisions. A psychoanalyst would suggest that Jaydon shows signs of a:

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weak ego

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3. According to Freud, an adult who continues to seek oral gratification by smoking and excessive eating demonstrates a(n):

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fixation

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4. Freud indicated that defense mechanisms:

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reduce anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality.

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5. Bryce often acts so daring and overly confident that few people realize he is actually riddled with unconscious insecurity and self-doubt. Bryce best illustrates the use of a defense mechanism known as:

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reaction formation.

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6. Hermann Rorschach introduced what has become the most widely used ________ test.

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projective

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7. Abraham Maslow suggested that individuals who are open, spontaneous, and not paralyzed by others' opinions illustrate:

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self-actualization.

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8. Humanistic psychology has been most closely associated with an emphasis on the importance of:

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a positive self-concept.

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9. People's responses to the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire suggest that extraversion is a basic:

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trait.

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10. One of the Big Five factors is:

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agreeableness.

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11. Sarah's optimism is both a contributor to and a product of her successful career accomplishments. This best illustrates:

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reciprocal determinism.

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12. Which perspective most clearly emphasizes that behavior is influenced by situational demands as well as by enduring inner personal factors?

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social-cognitive

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13. Although she is intelligent and a good athlete, Abigail believes that her low grades in school and losing the quarter-mile race are reflections of her own intellectual and athletic incompetence. Her conclusion best illustrates that she experiences a low level of:

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self-efficacy.

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14. When Vanessa noticed that she was wearing mismatched socks, she overestimated the extent to which others would also notice. Her reaction best illustrates:

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the spotlight effect.

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15. Displays of polite humility are most characteristic of those who value:

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collectivism.

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12

1. Marilyn judges her professor's strict class attendance policy to indicate a controlling personality rather than a necessity because of the limited number of class sessions in a course that meets only once a week. Her judgment best illustrates:

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the fundamental attribution error.

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2. Cognitive dissonance theory is most helpful for understanding the impact of:

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role playing on attitude change.

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3. Using the Asch procedure, conformity to group judgments would be LEAST likely when:

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participants are not observed by other group members when giving their answers.

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4. Participants in Milgram's obedience experiments were informed that they were involved in a study of:

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learning.

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5. When pressured to conform, people may do the opposite of what is expected as a way of increasing their sense of:

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personal control.

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6. Bonnie pedals an exercise bike at her health club much faster when other patrons happen to be working out on nearby equipment. This best illustrates:

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social facilitation.

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7. When a group of racially prejudiced high school students discussed racial issues, their attitudes became even more prejudiced. This best illustrates:

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group polarization.

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8. Kelly, a Republican, and Carlos, a Democrat, both believe that members of their own political party are more fair-minded and trustworthy than members of other parties. Their beliefs best illustrate:

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ingroup bias.

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9. The just-world phenomenon often leads people to:

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believe that victims of misfortune deserve to suffer.

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10. Studies have revealed diminished activity in the ________ of violent criminals.

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frontal lobes

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11. An increase in ________ has been followed by more positive attitudes between South African Whites and Blacks.

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interracial contact

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12. When buying groceries, many shoppers prefer certain products simply because the products have a familiar brand name. This preference best illustrates the importance of:

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the mere exposure effect.

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13. Which theory best explains why the excitement that lingers after a frightening event can facilitate passionate love?

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the two-factor theory

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14. Mr. Hughes heard what sounded like cries for help from a swimmer located 30 yards from the ocean shoreline. He continued walking along the beach, however, because he figured that one of the many swimmers in the area would provide help if it was needed. His reaction best illustrates the decision-making process involved in:

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the bystander effect.

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15. The hostilities between two racial subgroups of a riverfront community were dramatically reduced when the threat of their river flooding its banks required that they work together to save their town. This best illustrates the impact of:

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superordinate goals.

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13

1. At one time, disordered people were simply warehoused in asylums. These places were replaced with psychiatric hospitals in which attempts were made to diagnose and cure those with psychological disorders. This best illustrates one of the beneficial consequences of:

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the medical model.

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2. A current authoritative scheme for classifying psychological disorders is known as the:

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DSM-5.

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3. Lenore is unexplainably and continually tense and is plagued by muscle tension, sleeplessness, and an inability to concentrate. Lenore most likely suffers from:

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generalized anxiety disorder.

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4. Years after he barely survived a terrorist attack that killed his wife and two children, Mr. Puskari suffers recurring flashbacks and frequent nightmares of the event that render him incapable of holding a steady job. Mr. Puskari is most clearly showing signs of:

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posttraumatic stress disorder.

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5. Andrea experiences extreme anxiety when approaching any lake. Her therapist suggests that her fear results from a traumatic boat accident she experienced as a child. The therapist's suggestion highlights the impact of:

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conditioning.

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6. Nicotine triggers a(n) ________ in anxiety and a(n) ________ in mental alertness.

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decrease; increase

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7. The experience of vivid geometric images and dreamlike scenes is most likely to be triggered by:

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LSD.

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8. Elaine feels that her life is empty, has lost all interest in her career and hobbies, and wonders if she would be better off dead. She is most likely suffering from:

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a mood disorder.

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9. An overabundance of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine is most likely to be associated with:

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a manic episode.

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10. Mr. James believes that people are constantly laughing at him and that FBI agents are trying to steal his life savings. Mr. James is most clearly suffering from:

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delusions.

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11. Drugs that block dopamine receptors are most likely to reduce

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hallucinations.

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12. The relationship between the season of the year in which people are born and their subsequent risk of schizophrenia best highlights the role of ________ in this disorder.

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viral infections

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13. Melissa uses laxatives in an attempt to lose some of the weight she gained from binge eating. Melissa most clearly demonstrates symptoms of:

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bulimia nervosa.

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14. A sudden loss of memory is a symptom of:

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a dissociative disorder.

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15. Kyle is extremely manipulative and can look anyone in the eye and lie convincingly. His deceit often endangers the safety and well-being of those around him, but he is indifferent to any suffering they might experience as a result of his actions. His behavior best illustrates:

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antisocial personality disorder.

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1. Psychiatrists and psychologists label behavior as disordered when it is

A. aggressive, persistent, and intentional.

B. selfish, habitual, and avoidable.

C. deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional.

D. biologically influenced, unconsciously motivated, and difficult to change.

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C

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2. Ongoing patterns of behavior that are different from those of most other people in your culture are best characterized as

A. deviant.

B. disinhibiting.

C. dysfunctional.

D. disorganized.

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A

Front 48

3. Alexis is socially withdrawn and has few close friends. This behavior is most likely to be diagnosed as a symptomof psychological disorder if it is

A. also noticeable in other members of her family.

B. preventing her from functioning effectively.

C. not caused by a biological disorder.

D. difficult for her to change.

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B

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4. Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are major symptoms of

A. OCD.

B. PTSD.

C. ADHD.

D. DID.

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C

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5. Larry has difficulty organizing his daily schedule of work responsibilities. He often makes careless mistakes or failsto complete his work because he is easily distracted. Larry's behavior is most characteristic of

A. hypochondriasis.

B. attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

C. generalized anxiety disorder.

D. obsessive-compulsive disorder.

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B

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6. ADHD is diagnosed ________ often in girls than in boys. In the decade after 1987, a(n) ________ proportion of American children have been treated for this disorder.

A. more; increasing

B. less; decreasing

C. more; decreasing

D. less; increasing

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D

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7. Although Adderall is a ________ drug, it is commonly used in the treatment of ________.

A. stimulant; PTSD

B. stimulant; ADHD

C. depressant; PTSD

D. depressant; ADHD

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B

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8. Individuals diagnosed with ________ experience a normal but delayed thinning of the frontal cerebral cortex.

A. depression

B. hypochondriasis

C. generalized anxiety disorder

D. attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

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D

Front 54

9. The greatest shortcoming associated with explanations of psychological disorders in terms of demon possession isthat these explanations

A. were relevant only to severe disorders such as schizophrenia.

B. encouraged many to believe there was no such thing as insanity.

C. led to some harsh and ineffective remedial treatments.

D. absolved people of personal responsibility for their own behavior.

Back 54

C

Front 55

10. According to the medical model, psychological disorders are

A. sicknesses that need to be diagnosed and cured.

B. maladaptive responses to a troubling environment.

C. purely imaginary symptoms of distress.

D. learned habits that need to be extinguished.

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A

Front 56

11. The discovery that psychologically disordered behavior could result from syphilis infections facilitated thecredibility and acceptance of

A. psychoanalytic theory.

B. the medical model.

C.DSM-IV-TR.

D. the social-cognitive perspective.

Back 56

B

Front 57

11. The discovery that psychologically disordered behavior could result from syphilis infections facilitated thecredibility and acceptance of

A. psychoanalytic theory.

B. the medical model.

C.DSM-IV-TR.

D. the social-cognitive perspective.

Back 57

A

Front 58

13. It would be most difficult to use the ________ to explain why anorexia nervosa occurs mostly in Westerncultures.

A. learning perspective

B. medical model

C. social-cognitive perspective

D. biopsychosocial approach

Back 58

B

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14. Some psychological disorders occur primarily in one culture. However, ________ occurs worldwide.

A. dissociative identity disorder

B. anorexia nervosa

C. schizophrenia

D. susto

Back 59

C

Front 60

15. Both the inseparability of mind and body and the interaction of nature and nurture are most clearly emphasized by

A. DSM-IV-TR.

B. the medical model.

C. the learning perspective.

D. the biopsychosocial approach.

Back 60

D

Front 61

16. Professor McIntosh emphasizes that depression often involves the interactive influences of self-focusedrumination, rejection from others, and low serotonin levels. The professor's emphasis best illustrates

A. the medical model.

B. the learning perspective.

C. linkage analysis.

D. a biopsychosocial approach.

Back 61

D

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17. The DSM-IV-TR does NOT

A. include a classification of personality disorders.

B. explain the causes of the various psychological disorders.

C. include a very broad range of psychological disorders.

D. provide reliable guidelines for diagnosing psychological disorders.

Back 62

B

Front 63

19. Many clinicians diagnose disorders by answering questions from five levels of the

A. MDMA.

B. DSM-IV-TR.

C. PTSD.

D. THC.

Back 63

B