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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Definition of Opinion
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Belief or judgement insufficient to produce certainty
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2 types of Opinion
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A matter of taste
A considered juudgement |
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Define and apply factors that increase the chances moral judgements will be correct
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Obligations: restrictions on our behavior
Ideals: striving for excellence Consequences: Pos/Neg results of actions |
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Kinds of errors in using opinions |
Societal Trends -> Communication -> Attitudes, Beliefs, Biases -> Being Human |
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John Locke- those who are prone to error |
Seldom think for themselves Let emotion rule their lives Try to reason but don't have common sense Ruggiero's 4th category: Those who never re-examine their opinion once it is formed |
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Informed vs. Uninformed Opinion |
Informed: more than familiarity or time believed careful consideration of evidence Uninformed: ignorant |
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Critical vs. Uncritical Mode |
Critical: Investigated, studied Uncritical: Automatic, not thought about |
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Improving the quality of opinions |
Resist temptation to treat opinion as fact Monitor thoughts, don't jump to conclusions |
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MIB thinking |
Tendency to judge other people's lives, believing we are better/more correct than them |
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How to control MIB thinking |
Keep in mind others use MIB thinking Be alert of strong immediate reactions/feelings |
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Effects of MIB thinking |
Increased egocentricism and ethnocentricism Prevents us from seeing flaws in our ideas Less critical thinking Can distort perception Interfere in healthy relationships |
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Multiculturalism |
Every race/ehtnic group has its own values and behavior |
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Cultural Relativity |
the appropriateness of a behavior/custom depends on how this fits in with other groups' habits |
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3 cautions to observe in making reasonable judgements |
Understanding is no substitute for moral judgement The essential moral quality of an action doesn't change with time or place Responsibility for immoral acts may vary depending on culture or circumstances |
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Moral action |
Demonstrating respect for others by honoring obligations and ideals, and by producing favorable consequences |
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4 steps in analyzing moral issues |
Study details of issue Identify relevant info Determine possible courses of action Decide which action is most ethical |
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Errors in analyzing moral issues |
Generalizing MIB thinking Double Standards Assuming Oversimplication Hasty conlcusion |
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Types of obligations |
Friendship Family Contractual Self Citizenship Professional Employment |
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Types of moral virtues |
Just be familiar with them, don't have to know it |
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Basic rules of ethics |
Do good and avoid evil When both actions will produce negative consequences, choose the lesser of two evils |
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Moral Dilemma |
Predicament that arises from being unable to honor all moral values in a situation |
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Narcissism |
an excessive preoccupation with self |
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Egocentricism |
being so focused on yourself, your needs, and beliefs |
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Ethnocentricism |
excessive focus on one's ethnic group |
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Personal Fable |
belief that one is so special/unique that no one could possibly understand their life or experiences |
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Imaginary Audience |
belief that one should be the center of attention |
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Characteristics of egocentric people |
limited CT skills, difficulty hearing other viewpoints, little empathy, world revolves around them |
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Characteristics of ethnocentric people |
challenge other groups beliefs but not their own, tend to oversimplify complex issues |
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Helicopter Parents |
"hover" around their children, constantly involved in their child's life |
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Trophy kids |
Kids who have huge egos and expect special treatment |
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Ford's 4 elements of communication |
Reason for communication Process of communication How to be a good receiver (Listener) How to be a good sender (Speaker) |
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Passive Communication |
Just doing something, avoiding conflict |
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Assertive Communication |
I want this |
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Aggressive Communication |
This is not how I want it! |
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Passive-Aggressive Communication |
Doing something but making angry comments about it |
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Listening |
involves filtering out distractions and truly focusing on the person |
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Hearing |
Hearing something but focusing on other things in your mind |
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Social Cues |
aspects of social skills that teach you when to speak and not to speak, when to begin/end a conversation, and what to say |
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Soft Skills |
Personal attributes that enhance an individual's interactions, job performance, and career prospects |
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Authority |
willingly getting people to do what you want |
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Power |
forcing people to do what you want |
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Dunning-Kruger Effect |
Poor performers tend to be unaware that they're bad, make mistakes, and need improvement Least competent performers inflate their ability the most |
