Psych Exam

Front 1

Thorndike Law of Effect

Back 1

an organism's responses may be altered depending on the effects they produce in the environment

Front 2

B. F. Skinner

Back 2

measuring an operant response (behavior we are looking to increase or decrease)

Front 3

Shaping-

Back 3

an operant conditioning procedure of rewarding successive approximations to the desired goal

Front 4

Reinforcement-

Back 4

a consequence from your behavior that makes you more likely to engage in that behavior again

Front 5

punishment

Back 5

operant- a consequence from your behavior that makes you less likely to engage, decreases the behavior

Front 6

negative punishment-

Back 6

decreasing behavior by subtracting a positive stimulus

Front 7

Primary Reinforcers

Back 7

require no learning in order for the reward to be leasurable (food) quality and quantity are important (love/affection, water, sex)

Front 8

Secondary REinforcers-

Back 8

Grades, trophies

Front 9

Edward Tolman

Back 9

Cognitive learning- cognitive mapping

Front 10

Albert Bandura

Back 10

cognitive learning- social learning- the idea that through observation and imitation we learn to interact in society- Bobo doll experiment

Front 11

correlational study

Back 11

ex post facto, shows relationship, doesn't give cause + effect

Front 12

Memory-( 3 ) Steps to retainitn information

Back 12

1. encoding
2. storing
3. retrieving

Front 13

Encoding

Back 13

making mental representations

Front 14

STORING

Back 14

older placed in permanent storage, newer stored according to how it relates to old

Front 15

RETRIEVING

Back 15

the process of recalling the information that has been placed in either long term or shor tterm memory

Front 16

Sensory Memory (2 kinds)

Back 16

1. Iconic
2. Echoic

Front 17

Sensory memory- Iconic

Back 17

sense of vision -we hold picture 1/4 of a second , just long enough to keep steady (eyue is constantly moving)

Front 18

Sensory memory- Echoic

Back 18

we hold onto auditory information for 1-2 secs, enough time to recall or play it back

Front 19

SENSORY MEMORY

Back 19

initial process that receives and hold environmental information - holds onto information just long enough to process it and make sense of it

Front 20

Short Term Memory

Back 20

working memory, information that we have received and processed at least minimally, 7 items, chunking

Front 21

FUNCTIONS OF short term memory

Back 21

1. allows us to attend to things in our environment
2. rehearsing- repeating
3. storing in long term

Front 22

FUNCTIONS OF Long Term Memory

Back 22

limitless storage, some items are altered or lost

Front 23

FORGETTING = (3)

Back 23

ENCODING FAILURE, STORAGE DECAY, RETRIEVAL FAILURE

Front 24

INTERFERENCE- proactive vs retroactive

Back 24

proactive= repressions, old information interferes with out ability to access new memories

retroactive= misinformation effect, source amnesia, learning spanish, then when trying to learn french, constantly thinking of spanish

Front 25

Personality made up of: (3)

Back 25

emotion, mood, temperament

Front 26

EMOTION

Back 26

IN THE MOMENT, TIED TO SPECIFIC THINGS

Front 27

MOOD

Back 27

NOT QUITE AS INTENSE , LASTS HOURS TO A DAY

Front 28

TEMPERAMENT

Back 28

general disposition toward environment that you are born with

Front 29

Sigmund Freud

Back 29

psychoanalytic, Ego, Id, Superego

Front 30

EGO

Back 30

unconscious mind, executive mediator, deals with reality

Front 31

ID

Back 31

unconscious psychic energy, pleasure seeking, avoid pain, sex drive, aggressive impulses, born into ID, completely unconscious

Front 32

SUPEREGO

Back 32

internalized ideas , concsience develops around 1 yr old, right vs wrong, outside notions in environment become internalized

Front 33

EGO unconscious defense mechanisms

Back 33

denial, repression, regression, humor, projection, reaction, formation, rationalization

Front 34

Freud's Psychosexual STates

Back 34

oral stage 1yr
anal state 1.5-3 yrs

Front 35

freud's psychosexual stages

Back 35

oral stage 1yrs
anal stage 1.5-3 yrs
fallic stabe- 3-6 yrs Oedipus complex
latency 6-puberty
genital puberty to adulthood

Front 36

Carl Jung

Back 36

collective unconscious we all shar a portion of the collective unconscious mind, we all put elements that we all have to ability to tap into

Front 37

archetypes

Back 37

preexisting models of personality types that heac of us have access to, ex hero, mother

Front 38

Ancient Greek personality types

Back 38

melancholic (depressed)

Front 39

Maslow

Back 39

hierarchy of needs

Front 40

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Back 40

self actualization
esteem
belongingness and love
safety
pysiological

Front 41

Carol Rogers

Back 41

Person Centered Therapy, said people are basically good, by giving unconditional positive regard gives people ability to be successful

Front 42

Dynamic Approach-

Back 42

personality changing by experience, FReud

Front 43

Trait Approach

Back 43

characteristic pattern of behaving disposition to act of feel, self report

Front 44

Myers-Briggs

Back 44

Intuitive vs Sensing
Thinking vs Feeling
Judging vs Perceiving
INtroverted vs Extroverted

Front 45

MMPI

Back 45

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality INverntory, designed to screed for mental (emotional and personality) disorders

Front 46

PHYSIOLOGY- JEROME KAGAN

Back 46

level of arousal and activity in frontal lobe,
Introverted- more easily arroused, higher states of arousal, less stimulus required
Estroverted- seeking activity, social situations, lover level of activity in frontal lobe

Front 47

Big FIVE

Back 47

Emotional STability
Extroversion
Openness
Agreeability
Conscienciousness