Psych Exam 1 Continued

Front 1

astonishing hypotheses

Back 1

you're nothing but a pack of neurons

Front 2

introspection

Back 2

a systematic examinations of subjective mental experiences that require people to inspect and report the content of there thoughts. Wundt.

Front 3

structuralism

Back 3

idea that conscious experience can be broken down into its basic underlying components. Titchener.

Front 4

functionalism

Back 4

an approach to psychology concerned wight the adaptive purpose or function of mind and behavior. James.

Front 5

Evolutionary theory

Back 5

it views the history of species in terms of the inherited. adaptive value of physical characteristics, of mental activity and behavior. Darwin.

Front 6

Gestalt theory

Back 6

theory based on the idea that the whole personal experience is different form simply the sum of its constituent element. Wertheimer/Kohler

Front 7

four levels of analysis

Back 7

biological, individual, social, cultural

Front 8

biological analysis

Back 8

brain systems, neurochemistry and genetics. ex. animal studies and twin and adoption studies

Front 9

individual analysis

Back 9

indidual differences, perception and cognition behavior. personality, gender, development age group, self-concept, thinking, decision making, memory

Front 10

social analysis

Back 10

interpersonal behavior, social cognition. groups, relationships, persuasion, influence, workplace attitudes, stereotypes

Front 11

theory

Back 11

explanation based on observation

Front 12

hypothesis

Back 12

prediction based on theory

Front 13

research

Back 13

test of the hypotheses. date either supports or refuses the theory

Front 14

operational definition

Back 14

identifying variables and qualifying them so they can be measured. to be able to record its quantity

Front 15

naturalistic observatoin

Back 15

a type of descriptive study in which the researcher is a passive observer, making no attempt to change or alter ongoing behavior.

Front 16

participant observation

Back 16

the researcher is actively involved in the situation

Front 17

directionality problem

Back 17

researchers find a relationship between 2 variables but they cannot determine which variable may have cause changes in the other variable

Front 18

cofound

Back 18

anything that affects a dv and may unintentionally vary between the experimental conditions of a study

Front 19

selection bia

Back 19

in an experiment , unintended differences between the participants in different groups

Front 20

reliablitity

Back 20

the extent to which a measure is table and consistent over time in similar conditions

Front 21

obserever bias

Back 21

systematic error in observation that occurs because of an observer's expectations

Front 22

experimenter expentancies

Back 22

actual change in the behavior of the people being observed that is due to expectations of the observer

Front 23

how do we control for or protect against experimenter expectancy effects?

Back 23

best if person running the study is blind to, or unaware of the study;s hypothese

Front 24

hawthorne effect

Back 24

knowing others are observing them

Front 25

longitudinal studies

Back 25

studies the same participants multiple times over a period of time

Front 26

cros-sectional studies

Back 26

compares participants in different groups at the same time

Front 27

case studies

Back 27

involves the intensive examination of unusual people or organizations

Front 28

self-report bias

Back 28

introduce biases into their answers

Front 29

response performance

Back 29

quantiies perceptual or cognitive processes in response to specific stimulus

Front 30

reaction time

Back 30

brain takes time to process information

Front 31

institutional review boards

Back 31

groups of people responsible for reviewing proposed research to ensure that it meets accepted standards of science and provides for the physical an emotional well being of research participants

Front 32

anonymity

Back 32

researchers collect no personal information, so reposes can never be traced to a person

Front 33

informed consent

Back 33

research involving human participants is a partnership based on a mutual respect and trust

Front 34

debriefing

Back 34

inform participants of the researchers goals

Front 35

terminal buttons

Back 35

small nodules, at the ends of axons, that release chemical signals from the neuron into the synapse

Front 36

nodes of ranvier

Back 36

small gaps of exposed axon, between the segments of myelin sheath, where action potentials are transmitted

Front 37

resting potential

Back 37

electrical charge of a neuron when it is not active

Front 38

receptors

Back 38

specialized protein molecules on postsynaptic membran, nts bind to the molecules after passing across the synaptic cleft

Front 39

reuptake

Back 39

process whereby a neurotransmitter is taken back into the presynaptic terminal buttons, thereby stopping its activity

Front 40

epinephrine

Back 40

energy

Front 41

norepinephrine

Back 41

arousal and vigialance

Front 42

glutamate

Back 42

enhance action potential, learning , memory

Front 43

endorphins

Back 43

pain reduction. reward

Front 44

substance p

Back 44

pain perceptions, mood an anxiety

Front 45

limbic system

Back 45

controlling appetite behaviors and emotions

Front 46

amygdala

Back 46

learning to associate things with emotional responses and it processing emotional information

Front 47

cerebral cortex

Back 47

outer surface of cerebrum, wrinkled