Psych Chapter Five

Front 1

Ethiologists

Back 1

Scientists who study the behavior of animals in their natural habitat

Front 2

Fixed action pattern

Back 2

A species-specific behavior that is built into an animal's nervous stystem and triggered by a specific stimulus.

Front 3

Learning

Back 3

A relatively permanent change in knowledge or behavior that results from experience

Front 4

Habitutation

Back 4

The tendency of an organsim to become familiar with a stimulus as a result of repeated exposure.

Front 5

Classical conditioning

Back 5

A type of learning in which an organism comes to associate one stimulus with another (pavlovian conditioning)

Front 6

Unconditioned response (UR)

Back 6

An unlearned response (salivation) to an unconditioned stimulus (food)

Front 7

Unconditioned stimulous (US)

Back 7

A stimulus (food) that triggers an unconditioned response (salivation)

Front 8

Conditioned stimulus (CS)

Back 8

A neutral stimulus (bell) that comes to evoke a classically conditioned response (salivation)

Front 9

Conditioned response (CR)

Back 9

A learned response (salivation) to be a classically conditioned stimulus (bell)

Front 10

Aquisition

Back 10

The formation of a learned response to a stimulous through the presentation of an unconditioned stimulus (classical conditioning) or reinforcement (operant conditioning)

Front 11

Extinction

Back 11

The elimination of a learned response by removal of the unconditioned stimulus (CC or reinforcement (OC)

Front 12

Spontaneous recovery

Back 12

The reemergence of an extinguised conditioned response after a rest period

Front 13

Stimulus generalization

Back 13

The tendency to respond to a stimulus taht is similar to the conditioned stimulous

Front 14

Discrimination

Back 14

In classical and operant conditioning, the ability to distinguish between different stimuli

Front 15

The law of effect

Back 15

A law statin gthat responses followed by positive outcomes are repeated, whereas those followed by negative outcomes are not.

Front 16

Skinner box

Back 16

An apparatus, invented by skinner, used to study the effects of reinforcement on the behavior of laboratory animals.

Front 17

Operant conditioning

Back 17

The process by which organisms learn to behave in ways that produce reinforcement

Front 18

Reinforcement

Back 18

In operant conditioning, any stimulus that increases the likelyhood of a prior response

Front 19

Punishment

Back 19

In OC, any stimulous that decreases the likelyhood of a prior response

Front 20

Shaping

Back 20

A procedure in which reinforcements are used to gradually guide an animal or person toward a specific behavior

Front 21

Partial-reinforcement Effect

Back 21

The tendency for a schedule of partial reinforcement to strengthen later resistance to existence.

Front 22

Discriminative stimulus

Back 22

A stimulus that signals the availability of reinforcement

Front 23

Latent learning

Back 23

Learning that occurs but is not exhibited in performance until there is an incentive to do so

Front 24

Observational Learning

Back 24

Learning that takes place when one observes and models the behavior of others