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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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social psychology |
the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another |
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attribution theory |
the theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition |
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fundamental attribution error |
the tendency for observers, when analyzing other's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition |
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attitude |
feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events |
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peripheral route persuasion |
occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker's attractiveness |
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central route persuasion |
occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts |
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foot-in-the-door phenemonon |
the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request |
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role |
a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave |
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cognitive dissonance theory |
the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent - for example, when we become aware that our attitudes and our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing out attitudes |
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conformity |
adjusting our behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard |
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normative social influence |
influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval |
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informational social influence |
influence resulting from one's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality |
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social facilitation |
improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others |
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social loafing |
the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable |
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deindividuation |
the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity |
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group polarization |
the enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group |
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groupthink |
the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives |
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altruism |
unselfish regard for the welfare of others |
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bystander effect |
the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present |
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social exchange theory |
the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs |
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reciprocity norm |
an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them |
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social-responsibility norm |
an expectation that people will help those needing their help |
