Psych Chapter 11

Front 1

personality

Back 1

individuals unique and relatively consistent patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving

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personality theory

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a theory that attempts to describe and explain similarities and differences in peoples patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving

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psychoanalysis

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Sigmund Freuds theory of personality, which emphasizes unconscious determinants of behaviors, sexual and aggressive instinctual drives, and the enduring effects of early childhood experiences on later personality development

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free association

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a psychoanalytic technique in which the patient spontaneously reports all thoughts, feelings and mental images as they come to mind

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unconscious

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Freuds theory, a term used to describe thoughts, feelings, wishes, and drives that are operating below the level of conscious awareness

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id

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latin for the it, completely unconscious irrational component of personality that seeks immediate satisfaction of instinctual urges and drives, ruled by the pleasure principle

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Eros

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self preservation or life instinct, reflected in the expression of basic biological urges that perpetuate the existence of the individual and the species

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libido

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the psychological and emotional energy associated with expressions of sexuality, the sex drive

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Thanatos

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the death instinct, reflected in aggressive destructive, and self destructive actions

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pleasure principle

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the motive to obtain pleasure and avoid tension of discomfort, for the most fundamental human motive and the guiding principle of the id

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ego

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the partly conscious rational component of personality that regulates thoughts and behavior and is most in touch with the demands of the external world

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reality principle

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capacity to accomodate external demands by postponing gratification until the appropriate time or circumstances exist

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superego

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partly conscious self evaluative moralistic component of personality that is formed through the internalization of parental and societal rules

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ego defense mechanisms

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largely unconscious distortions of thoughts or perceptions that act to reduce anxiety

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repression

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unconscious exclusion of anxiety provoking thoughts, feelings, and memories from conscious awareness, the most fundamental ego defense mechanism

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displacement

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the ego defense mechanism that involves unconsciously shifting the target of an emotional urge to a substitute target that is less threatening or dangerous

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sublimation

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an ego defense mechanism that involves redirecting sexual urges toward productive, socially acceptable, non sexual activities, a form of displacement

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psychosexual stages

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age related development periods in which the child's sexual urges are focused on different areas of the body and are expressed through the activities associated with those areas, Frued

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Oedipus complex

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a childs unconscious sexual desire for the opposite sex parent, usually accompanied by hostile feelings toward the same sex parent, Frued

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identification

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an ego defense mechanism that involves reducing anxiety by imitating the behavior and characteristics of another person

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collective unconscious

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the hypothesized part of the unconscious mind that is inherited from previous generations and that contains universally shared ancestral experiences and ideas, Jungs

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archetypes

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inherited images of universal human instincts, themes, and preoccupations that are the main components of the collective unconscious, Jungs

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humanistic psychology

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the theoretical viewpoint on personality that generally emphasizes the inherent goodness of people, human potential, self actualization, the self concept, and healthy personality development

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actualizing tendency

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the innate drive to maintain and enhance the human organism, Rogers

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self concept

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the set of perceptions and beliefs that you hold about yourself

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conditional positive regard

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the sense that you will be valued and loved only if you behave in a way that is acceptable to others, conditional love or acceptance, Rogers

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unconditional positive regard

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Rogers, the sense that you will be valued and loved even if you don't conform to the standards and expectations of others, unconditional love or acceptance

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social cognitive theory

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Albert Banduras theory of personality, which emphasizes the importance of observational learning, conscious cognitive processes, social experiences, self efficacy, beliefs and reciprocal determinism

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reciprocal determinism

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model proposed by albert banduras that explained human functioning and personality as caused by the interaction of behavioral, cognitive, and environmental factors

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self efficacy

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the beliefs that people have about their ability to meet the demands of a specific situation, feelings of self confidence or self doubt

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trait

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relatively stable, enduring predisposition to consistently behave in a certain way

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trait theory

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theory of personality that focuses on identifying, describing, and measuring individual differences in behavioral predispositions

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surface traits

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personality characteristics or attributes that can easily be inferred from observable behavior

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source traits

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the most fundamental dimensions of personality, the broad, basic traits that are hypothesized to be universal and relatively few in number

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five factor model of personality

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a trait theory of personality that identifies extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience as the fundamental building blocks of personality

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behavioral genetics

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an interdisciplinary field that studies the effects of genes and heredity on behavior

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psychological test

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a test that assesses a persons abilities, aptitudes, interests, or personality, on the basis of a systematically obtained sample of behavior

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projective test

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a type of personality test that involves a persons interpreting an ambiguous image, used to assess unconscious motives, conflicts, psychological defenses, and personality traits

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Rorschach Inkblot Test

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a projective test using inkblots, developed by a swiss psychiatrist Hermann Rorschach
I LOVE YOU:)
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graphology

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a pseudoscience that claims to assess personality, social, and occupational attributes based on a person distinctive handwriting, doodles and drawing style

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Thematic Aperception Test TAT

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a projective personality test that involves creating stories about each of a series of ambiguous scenes

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self report inventory

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a type of psychological test in which a person's responses to standardized questions are compared to established norm

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Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory MMPI

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self report inventory that assesses personality characteristics and psychological disorders, used to assess both normal and disturbed populations

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California Personality Inventory

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self report inventory that assesses personality characteristics in normal populations

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Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire 16PF

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self report inventory developed by raymond cattell that generates a personality profile with ratings on 16 trait dimensions

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possible selves

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the aspect of the self concept that includes images of the selves that you hope, fear, or expect to become in the future