Psych Ch 9

Front 1

Psychological Test

Back 1

Standardized measure of a sample of one's behaviour

Front 2

Intelligence Tests

Back 2

Measure general mental ability

Ex: Aptitude tests; measures potential over knowledge

Front 3

Aptitude Tests

Back 3

assess specific types of mental abilities

Ex: Differential aptitude tests; verbal reasoning, numerical ability...

Front 4

Achievement Tests

Back 4

Person's mastery & knowledge of various subjects

Front 5

Personality Tests

Back 5

Measure various aspects of personality; motives; interests; values; attitudes

Front 6

Standardization

Back 6

Uniform procedures used in administration & scoring of a test

i.e. same conditions for all subjects filling out the test

Front 7

Test Norms

Back 7

info about where a score ranks in relation to other scores

Front 8

Percentile Score

Back 8

% of people who score at or below the score one has obtained

Front 9

Reliability

Back 9

measurement consistency of a test

i.e. repeated measurements should yield reasonably similar results

Front 10

Correlation Coefficient

Back 10

Numerical index of the degree of relationship between 2 variables

Front 11

Validity

Back 11

ability of a test to measure what it was designed to measure

Front 12

Content Validity

Back 12

degree to which the content of a test is representative of the domain it's supposed to cover

Front 13

Criterion-related Validity

Back 13

estimated by correlating subjects' scores on a test w their scores

Front 14

Construct Validity

Back 14

extent to which there is evidence that a test measures a particular hypothetical construct

Front 15

Mental Age

Back 15

Mental ability of this age is shown

Front 16

IQ (Intelligence Quotient)

Back 16

child's mental age/ chronological age x 100%

Front 17

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

Back 17

1st IQ designed specifically for adults

Front 18

Factor Analysis

Back 18

Correlations among many variables are analyzed to identify closely related clusters of variables

Front 19

Primary mental abilities

Back 19

Word fluency, verbal comprehension, spatial ability, perceptual speed, numerical ability, inductive reasoning, memory

Front 20

Fluid Intelligence

Back 20

reasoning ability, memory capacity, speed of info processing

Front 21

Crystallized intelligence

Back 21

ability to apply acquired knowledge & skills in problem-solving

Front 22

Galton believes intelligence is...

Back 22

inherited.

Front 23

Normal Distribution

Back 23

Symmetric, bell-shaped curve that represents the pattern in which many characteristics are dispersed in a population

Front 24

Deviation IQ Scores

Back 24

locate subjects precisely within the normal distribution, using the standard deviation (usually from the mean) as the unit of measurement

i.e. deviation from mean

Front 25

IQ tests measure a blend of... (2)

Back 25

Potential & Knowledge

Front 26

Are IQ tests reliable??

Back 26

YASSSS especially compared to other psych tests

Front 27

Do IQ tests have validity??

Back 27

they measure the kind of intelligence necessary to do academic work

they do not measure social competence, practical problem-solving skills, creativity, mechanical ingenuity, artistic talent

Front 28

People with higher IQ jobs tend to get...

Back 28

higher-status jobs.

Front 29

Ingredients of intelligence are different for...

Back 29

different cultures, so IQ tests do not work as well on an international scale.

Front 30

2 standard deviations below the mean is seen as ______, and 2-3 standard deviations above the mean is seen as _______

Back 30

Subliminal, Gifted.

Front 31

Mental Retardation

Back 31

Subaverage general mental ability accompanied by deficiencies in adaptive skills, originating before the age of 18

Mild, moderate, severe, or profound

Front 32

Phenylketonuria

Back 32

Metabolic disorder that can lead to retardation if it is not caught & treated in infancy

Front 33

Hydrocephaly

Back 33

Excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the skull which destroys brain tissue and cause retardation

Front 34

High IQ children are either at average or above average in...

Back 34

...social & emotional development

Front 35

Identical twins tend to have similar...

Back 35

IQ's

Front 36

Heritability Ratio

Back 36

Estimate of the proportion of trait variability within a specific group

Front 37

School attendance has a ____ effect on IQ.

Back 37

positive

Front 38

Reaction Range

Back 38

Genetically determined limits of IQ

Front 39

Cultural Differences of IQ

Back 39

Debate: Due to heredity or environment????

Front 40

IQ is seemingly mostly due to____, although environment also has a large effect.

Back 40

genetics

Front 41

People’s negative stereotype can contribute to academic underachievement in two ways:

Back 41

1) undermines emotional investment in work

2) standardized tests such as IQ tests for minorities can be especially anxiety-arousing for members of stigmatized groups, because the importance attributed to these groups makes one's stereotype vulnerability particularly noticeable

Front 42

Fluid Intelligence involves...

Back 42

...reasoning ability, memory capacity, speed of info processing

Largely biologically determined

Front 43

Crystallized intelligence involves...

Back 43

ability to apply acquired knowledge to problem-solving

Largely experience determined

Front 44

cognitive perspective

Back 44

focuses on how people use their intelligence

Front 45

2 tasks of intelligent behaviour

Back 45

1) ability to deal w novelty: new tasks, demands, situations

2) ability to handle familiar tasks automatically & effortlessly

Front 46

Creativity emerges out of...

Back 46

Normal problem-solving efforts that depend on conscious thought processes