Psych Ch 7.4

Front 1

Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence

Back 1

the theory of intelligence that emphasizes how we integrate various aspects of intelligence in meeting the challenges and demands of everyday life

Front 2

social and educational are unlikely to close the racial gap in IQ scores

Back 2

the authors of the Bell Curve argued that...

Front 3

motivation

Back 3

consists of the factors or internal processes that activate direct and sustain behavior toward the satisfaction of a need or attainment of a goal

Front 4

instinct theory
(while this model may have value in explaining some forms of animal behavior, human behavior is too complex to be explained by instincts

Back 4

proposes that behavior is motivated by genetically programmed, species-specific, fixed patterns of responses called instincts

Front 5

drive theory

Back 5

-asserts that animals are driven to satisfy unmet biological needs, such as hunger and thirst.
-is limited, in part because it fails to account for motives involving the desire to increase states of arousal

Front 6

according to arousal theory, the optimal level of arousal varies from person to person. To maintain arousal at an optimal level, some ppl seek exciting, even potentially dangerous activities, while others seek more tranquil ones

Back 6

how does arousal theory account for differences in motivational states?

Front 7

incentive theory focuses on the "pull" or lure of goals or objects that we perceive as attractive, whereas drive theory focuses on the "push" of unmet biological needs

Back 7

how does incentive theory differ from drive theory?

Front 8

cognitive dissonance theory

Back 8

holds that inconsistencies between our behavior and our attitudes, beliefs, or perceptions produce a state of psychological tension (dissonance) that motivates efforts to reconcile theses inconsistencies

Front 9

psychological needs

Back 9

human needs that are based on psychological rather than biological factors. (they include the need for social relationships and the need for achievement

Front 10

-hard driving and ambitious
set challenging but realistic goals for themselves
-accomplish more than ppl w/ similar abilities and opportunitites but a lower need for achievement

Back 10

ppl w/ a high need for achivement are...

Front 11

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Back 11

-believed we are motivated to meet basic biological needs, such as hunger or thirst, b4 fulfilling out psychological needs
-has 5 levels, ranging from physiological needs @ the base to self-actualization @ the top

Front 12

goal

Back 12

motivation refers to factors that activate, direct,and sustain______ directed behavior

Front 13

instincts

Back 13

fixed, inborn patterns of response that are specific to members of a particular species

Front 14

-secondary drive
-need

Back 14

-a drive acquired through experience
-a state of deprivation or deficency

Front 15

-homeostasis
-primary drive

Back 15

-the tendency to maintain a steady internal state
-an innate biological drive

Front 16

arousal

Back 16

____theory helps explain individual differences in the need for sensation, as well as the relationship between arousal and performance

Front 17

cognitive dissonance

Back 17

discrepencies between one's attitudes and behavior can create ______ _______, an unpleasant emotional state that motivates efforts to reduce the discrepancies

Front 18

actualization

Back 18

@ the top of Maslow's hierarchy of needs is self ____, the need that motivates ppl to fulfill their unique potentials and become all they are capable of being

Front 19

homeostatic processes in the brain regulate hunger and appetite. the hypothalamus plays a pivotal role. it senses changes in blood sugar levels and depletion of fat from fat cells, which leads to the feelings of hunger that motivate eating. Neurotransmitters and hormones also play important roles in regulating hunger and appetite

Back 19

how are hunger and appetite regulated?

Front 20

behavioral patterns, genetics, metabolic factors, and environmental and emotional factors

Back 20

what causes obesity?

Front 21

anorexia nervosa

Back 21

an eating disorder in which ppl starve themselves b/c of exaggerated concerns about weight gain

Front 22

bullimia nervosa

Back 22

an eating disorder characterized by episodes of binge eating followed by purging. purging is accomplished through self-induced vomiting or other means, such as excessive use of laxatives

Front 23

-cultural pressure on young women to achieve unrealistic standards of thinness
-issues of control and perfectionism
-childhood abuse
-family conflicts
-possible disturbances in brain mechanisms that control hunger and satiety

Back 23

what are the causes of eating disorders?

Front 24

the ventromedical hypothalamus signals that it is time to start eating

Back 24

which of the following does not describe what happens physiologically after a person has not eaten for a while?

Front 25

begins to eat even if it has just consumed a full meal

Back 25

if the lateral hypothalamus in a laboratory animal is stimuulated it...

Front 26

-basal metabolic rate
-leptin

Back 26

-the rate @ which the body @ rest burns calories
-a hormone that reduces production of neuropeptide Y

Front 27

-set point
-BMI

Back 27

-a genetically predetermined range for weight
-a measure of body weight used to determine obesity

Front 28

relatively high levels of serotonin in the brain

Back 28

which of the following is not linked to the development of eating disorders?

Front 29

-physiological component: heightened bodily arousal
-cognitive component: a feeling state, as well as thoughts and judgements about experiences linked to the feeling state
-behavioral component: approach or avoidance behaviors

Back 29

what are the 3 components of emotions?

Front 30

-evidence from cross-cultural studies suppors the view that facial expressions of 6 basic emotions--anger,fear,disgust,sadness,happiness, and surprise-- are universal

Back 30

are facial expressions of emotion universal?

Front 31

Emotions in Different Cultures

Back 31

-there are both differences and similarities in how emotions are experienced in diff. cultures
-each culture has rules, called display rules, that determine how emotions are expressed and how emotion is appropriate to express.
-gender differences in emotional expression may reflect cultural expectations

Front 32

-parts of the limbic system, especially the amygdala, play key roles in emotional processing
-the cerebral cortex interprets stimuli and plans strategies for either approaching or avoiding stimuli, depending on whether they are perceived as "friend" of "foe"
-the cortex also controls facial expression of emotions and is responsible for processing the felt experiences of emotions

Back 32

what role do brain strucures play in emotions?

Front 33

-James Lange theory: emotions occur after ppl become aware of their physiological responses to the triggering stimuli
-Cannon Bard theory: emotional and physiological reactions to triggering stimuli occus almost simultaneously
-two-factor model: emotions depend on an arousal state and a labeling of the causes of the arousal
-LeDoux's dual-pathway model of fear: the amygdala responds to fear stimuli before the cerebral cortex gets involved

Back 33

what are the major theories of emotions?

Front 34

-more activation of the left cerebral cortex
-a cognitive decision to be happy
-sociability
*wealth has but a modest relationship w/ personal happiness or life satisfaction. Happiness may also vary around a genetically influnced set point

Back 34

what factors are assocaited w/ personal happiness?

Front 35

-intimacy
-passion
-decision/commitment

Back 35

what are the three components of love in Sternberg's model of love?

Front 36

the polygraph

Back 36

a device used to detect physiological response patterns believed to indicate when a person is lying. however, scientific evidence does not support the utility of the polygraph in detecting lying

Front 37

production of neuropeptide Y

Back 37

all of the following are basic components of emotion except...

Front 38

Cannon-Bard theory

Back 38

the belief that the subjective experience of an emotion and the bodily response that accompanies it occur @ virtually the same time is the...

Front 39

anger,disgust,fear,sadness, happiness, and surprise

Back 39

what are the 6 basic facial expressions that are recognized universally?

Front 40

intimacy

Back 40

the component in Sternberg's triangular model of love that corresponds to the desire to share one's personal feelings w/ another person is labeled ____

Front 41

emotional intelligence

Back 41

the ability to maanage emotions effectively can be conceptualized as a form of intelligent behavior called ____