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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the 3 basic memory processes?
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encoding: converting stimuli into a form that can be stored in memory
storage: retaining them in memory retrieval: accessing stored info |
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we encode info by means of..
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acoustic codes: coding by sounds
visual codes: coding by mental imaging semantic codes: codes by meaning *though we often encode auditory info acoustically, semantic coding typically leads to more enduring memories. |
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what are the 3 stages of memory?
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sensory memory: momentary storage of sensory impressions
short-term memory: working memory of info held in awareness for up to about 30 seconds long-term memory: long-term or permanent storage of info |
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three-component model
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working memory consists of 3 subsystems:
1) the speech-based phonological loop 2)the visuospatial sketchpad for holding visual or spatial info 3)the central executive: coordinates the other subsystems, processes material held in working memory, and filters out distracting thoughts |
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semantic network model
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-posits that info is held in long-term memory in networks of interlinking concepts
-though a process of spreading activation, thinking of one concept brings related concepts within that semantic network to mind |
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what are the 2 types of long-term memory?
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declaritive memory: "knowing what or that"(brought to mind by conscious effort)
preocedural memory: "knowing how"(engages w/ out any conscious effort) |
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constructionist theory of memory
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hold that memory is a representation, or reconstruction, of past events or experiences
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flashbulb memories
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vivid, highly detailed, and long-lasting memories of emotionally charged personal or historical events
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what factors influence the accuracy of eyewitness testimony?
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-ease of recall
-confidence in memory -general knowledge about the subject -same-race identification -occurrence of leading or suggestive questioning |
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information
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psychologists generally think of memory as an _____ processing system
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encoding specificity principle
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holds that retrieval of a memory will be more sucessful when cues are available during recall are similar to those present when the material was first committed to memory
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