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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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abnormal behaviour |
behaviour that is personally distressing, personally dysfunctional, and/or socially deviant so that other people deem it to be inappropriate |
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vulnerability stress model (diathesis stress model) |
each of us has some degree of vulnerability for developing a psychological disorder given sufficient stress |
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vulnerability |
genetic or hormonal factor |
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reliability |
the clinicians using the system should show high levels of agreement in their diagnostic decisions |
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validity |
the diagnostic categories should accurately capture the essential features of the various disorderS |
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competency |
a defendant's state of mind at the time of a judicial hearing (not at the time a crime was commited |
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insanity |
the presumed state of mind of the defendant at the time the crime was committed |
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prevalence |
refers to the number of people who have a disorder during a specified period of time |
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incidence |
number of NEW cases |
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phobias |
strong and irrational fears of certain objects or situations |
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agoraphobia |
fear of open and public places |
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social anxiety disorder |
excessive fear of situations in which the person evaluated and possibly embarrassed |
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specific phobias |
fear of dogs snakes elevators etc |
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generalized anxiety and worry disorder |
a chronic state of diffuse or free floating anxiety that is not attached to specific situations or objects |
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panic disorder |
occur suddenly and unpredictably having a panic attack |
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obsessions |
repetitive and unwelcome thoughts, images or impulses that invade consciousness and are very difficult to dismiss or control |
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compulsions |
repetitive behavioural responses that can be resisted with great difficulty |
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OCD |
1.6 cases per 100 people, onset usually in the 20s |
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neurotic anxiety |
occurs when unacceptable impulses threaten to overwhelm the ego's defences and explode into action |
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culture-bound disorders |
disorders that occur only in certain parts of the world |
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anorexia nervosa |
intense fear of being fat |
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bulimia nervosa |
overly concerned of becoming fat (most bulimics remain normal body weight but have other health effects) |
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comorbidity |
co-occurence |
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what have high comorbidity |
mood and anxiety disorders |
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mood disorders |
involve depression and mania |
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major depression |
leaves them unable to function effectively in their lives |
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dysthymia |
chronic depressive disorder (less intense) |
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bipolar disorder |
alternates between depression and mania |
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mania |
a state of highly excited mood and behaviour that is quite the opposite of depression |
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depressive cognitive triad |
negative thoughts concerning the world, oneself and the future |
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depressive attribution pattern |
taking no credit for successes but blaming themselves for failures |
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learned helplessness theory |
depression occurs when people expect that bad things will occur and that there is nothing they can do to prevent or cope with them |
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somatic symptom disorders |
physical complaints that suggest a medial cause, but which have no known biological cause and are not produced voluntarily by the person |
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pain disorder |
experience intense pain that is either out of proportion to whatever medical condition they have or has no physical basis |
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conversion disorder (FNSD) |
serious neurological symptoms, such as paralysis, loss of sensation or blindness suddenly occur |
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dissociative disorders |
breakdown of normal memory integration or identity |
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dissociative amnesia |
response to stressful event with extensive but selective memory loss |
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dissociative fugue |
person loses all sense of personal identify and gives up customary life, wanders to a faraway location and creates a new ID |
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dissociative identity disorder (DID) |
two or more separate personalities occur in the same person |
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trauma-dissociation theory |
the development of new personalities occur in response to severe stress |
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delusions |
false beliefs that are sustained in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them |
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hallucinations |
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality |
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type 1 schizophrenia |
predominance of positive symptoms, such as delusions, hallucinations and disordered speech |
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type 2 schizophrenia |
features negative symptoms, lack of emotional expression, loss of motivation and loss of normal voice |
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brain atrophy |
a general loss of deterioration of neurone in the cerebral cortex or limbic system with enlarged ventricles (influences emotion) |
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dopamine hypothesis |
the symptoms of schizophrenia are produced by overactivity of the dopamine systems of the brain that regulate emotions, motivation and behaviour |
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regression |
a person retreats to an earlier and more secure star of psychosocial development in the face of overwhelming anxiety |
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expressed emotion |
high levels of criticism, hostility, and over-involvement |
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personality disorders |
stable, ingrained, inflexible and maladaptive ways of thinking feeling and behaving |
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what do we call individuals with antisocial personality disorders? |
psychopaths and sociopaths |
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antisocial personality disorder |
lack of a conscience |
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borderline personality disorder |
serious instability in behaviour, emotions, identity and interpersonal relationships |
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dysregulation (BPD) |
INABILITY TO CONTROL NEGATIVE EMTIONS IN RESPONSE TO STRESSFUL LIFE EVENTS |
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splitting |
the failure to integrate positive and negative aspects of another's behaviour (parent who is usually accepting but sometimes voices disapproval) |
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ADHD |
inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity |
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autistic spectrum disorders |
long-term disorder, extreme unresponsiveness, poor communication skills and highly repetitive and rigid behaviour patterns |
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dementia |
a gradual loss of cognitive abilities that accompanies brain deterioration and interferes with normal functioning |
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alzheimer's disease (leading cause of dementia in seniors) |
deteriorations in the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain, including the hippocampus (memory) |
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dimensional system |
related behaviours are rated along a severity scale |
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components of anxiety responses |
emotional, cognitive, physiological and behavioural |
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what does GABA do |
reduce physiological arousal |
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negative mood state |
core feature of depression (sadness misery loneliness) |
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personality of anorexics |
perfectionists, high standards, need for control that stems from upbringing (leptin levels rebound more quickly than their weigh, so difficult to regain weight) |
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personality of bulimics |
depressed and anxious |
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reserpine |
induces depression by depleting norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin |
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which gender displays more anxiety disorders |
female |
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what proportion of people recover from eating disorders |
1/2 |
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what does norepinephrine do during depression and mania |
increases during mania, drops during depression |
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what happens after depression |
50% depression will never recur 40% will recover with recurrence years later 10% will never recover |
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types of psychopaths |
primary - little or NO anxiety secondary - disorder less extreme and more like neurosis |
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when does dementia occur |
any point in life, but elderly are at greater risk |
