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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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zygote |
the fertilized egg; it enters a 2 week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo |
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embryo |
the developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month |
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fetus |
the developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth |
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teratogens |
agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm |
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FAS fetal alcohol syndrome |
physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant womans heavy drinking. symptoms include noticeable facial misproportions |
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habituation |
decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation as infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a visual stimulus. their interest wanes and they look away sooner. |
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assimilation |
interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas. |
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accommodation |
adapting our current understandings(schemas) to incorporate new information. |
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object permanence |
the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived. |
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conservation |
the principle that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects. piaget believed it to be part of concrete observational reasoning. |
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egocentrism |
in piagets theory, the preopperational childs difficulty taking anothers point of view. |
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theory of mind |
peoples ideas about their own and others mental states about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts, and the behaviors these might predict. |
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autism |
a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication, social interaction, and understanding of others states of mind. |
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attachment |
an emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation. |
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critical period |
an optimal period shortly after birth when an organisms exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development. |
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imprinting |
the process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life. |
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temperament |
a persons characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity. |
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gender typing |
the acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role. |
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social learning theory |
the theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished. |
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gender role |
a set of expected behaviors for males or for females. |
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gender identity |
our sense of being male or female |
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identity |
the idiosyncratic things that make a person unique. |
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social identity |
the "we" aspect of our self concept; the part of our answer to "who am i?" that comes from our group memberships. |
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intimacy |
in eriksons theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary developmental task in late adolescence and early adulthood. |
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emerging adulthood |
for some people in modern cultures, a period from the late teens to mid twenties, bridging the gap between adolescent dependence and full independence and reasonable adulthood. |
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cross sectional study |
a study in which people of different ages are compared with one another. |
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longitudinal study |
research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period of time. |
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crystalized intelligence |
our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age. |
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fluid intelligence |
our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood. |
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social clock |
the culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement. |
