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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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motives
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the internal needs and desires that energize and direct our actions
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instincts
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inborn, automatic, biological determined behaviors
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drive reduction
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Basic biological needs create drives motivational tension or arousal to fulfill the need
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Theory
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social motives
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learned
secondary drives |
theory
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competence motives
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Urge to master challenges of the environment
Maslows hierarchy of needs |
theory
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maslows hierarchy of needs
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Psychological
security Social esteem self actualization |
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incentive motives
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External stimulus is anticipated as a reward and energizes behavior
explains motivational systems |
theory
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motivational systems
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A set of needs, incentives and associated behaviors that operate in a particular sphere of life
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hypothalamus
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Monitors food intake
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sexual motivation
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Human sexual motivation not only based on reproduction
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child development
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A scientific study of the patterns of growth, change and stability that occur from conception through adolescence
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longitudinal research
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research over time
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cross sectional research
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Research of people of different ages at the same point in time
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cross sequential research
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Research of people of different ages over time
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gametes
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Sex cells from mother and father that form a new cell at conception
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fertilization
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Process in which sperm and ovum join to form a single cell called a zygote
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dominant trait
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Expressed and called a phenotype
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recessive trait
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Not expressed and called a genotype
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polygenic inheritance
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A number of genes that are responsible for creating one thing
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evocative genotype environment effects
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How genetic information is affected by the environment
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cephalocaudal principle
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Growth follows a pattern that begins with the head and upper body parts and then proceeds to the rest of the body
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proximodistal principle
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Development proceeds from the center of the body outward
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principle of hierarchial integration
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Simple skills develop separately but later integrate into more complex skills
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principle of independence of system
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Different body systems grow at different rates
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plasticity
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The degree to which a developing structure or behavior is susceptible to experience
Extremely important in brain development |
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body rhythms
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Repetitive and cyclical patterns of behavior
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reflexes
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Unlearned, organized, involuntary responses
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sensorimotor
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Birth to 2 years. Initial stage of cognitive development
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piaget theory of cognitive development
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preoperational
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2 years to 7 years. Use of symbolic thinking, mental reasoning, and use of concepts increases
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piaget theory of cognitive development
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concrete operations
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7 to 12 years. Use of logic
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piaget theory of cognitive development
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formal operations
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12 years and up. Think abstractly
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piaget theory of cognitive development
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assimilation
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Understand the world in terms of their current stage of cognitive development and way of thinking
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accommodation
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Change in existing ways of thinking do to encounters with new stimuli or events
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social cognitions
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The cognitive processes by which people understand and make sense of others and themselves
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attribution theory
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A theory of personality that seeks to explain how we decide, based on a sample of an individual's behavior, what the specific causes of that person's behavior are.
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fundamental attribution error
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A tendency to over attribute others behavior to dispositional causes and minimize the importance of situational causes
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collective culture
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Culture which promotes interdependence
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individualistic culture
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Culture promotes personality identity and the uniqueness of the individual
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social influence
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The process by which the actions of an individual or group affect the behavior of others
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group think
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A type of thinking in which group members share such strong motives to achieve consensus that they lose the ability to critically evaluate alternate points of view
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conformity
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A change in behavior or attitudes brought about by the desire to follow the beliefs or standards of other people
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social loafing
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Occurs in the workplace. Everyone will do all the work while the loafer does nothing
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compliance
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Behavior that occurs in response to direct social pressure
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obidience
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A change in behavior in response to the commands of others
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prejudice
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A negative or positive evaluation of a particular group and its members and are often the result of stereotypes
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stereotypes
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A generalized set of beliefs and expectations about a particular group and its members
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discrimination
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Behavior directed toward individuals on the basis of their membership in a particular group
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