Psych 397 Chapter 18

Front 1

Floyd H. Allport (1890-1971)

Back 1

A founder of experimental social psychology, Allpoer pioneered research in conformity, social influence, and prejudice.

Front 2

Solomon Asch (1907-1996)

Back 2

A social psychologists in the Gestalt tradition, Asch performed classic conformity studies in which participants often conformed to strangers' mistaken perceptions of the length of a clearly visible line.

Front 3

Autokinetic Effect

Back 3

The tendency of a fixed point of light to appear to move. Muzafer Sherif examined the ways that social norms influenced the perceived degree of movement.

Front 4

Frederick Charles Bartlett (1886-1969)

Back 4

British psychologist who stressed the role of representations of schemas in memory and cognition.

Front 5

Aaron T. Beck (1921-)

Back 5

An early cognitive therapist who helped clients reduce negative thoughts and more accurately perceive themselves. He developed the Beck Depression Inventory.

Front 6

Behavioural Genetics

Back 6

The study of the role of genes in cognition and behaviour.

Front 7

Alfred Binet (1857-1911)

Back 7

French psychologist and a major figure in the study of intelligence testing.

Front 8

Boulder Model

Back 8

The model for current clinical training that recommends doctoral programs train clinical psychologists as research-practitioners with solid backgrounds in general and clinical psychology, extensive supervised experience and research experience.

Front 9

Cognitive Psychology

Back 9

A broad interdisciplinary effort to study the processing of information in memory, problem solving, judgement and other forms of cognition. Also known as cognitive science or information-processing psychology.

Front 10

Computer Metaphor

Back 10

The use of computers to model and study cognitive functions of humans and animals.

Front 11

Ecological Validity

Back 11

The view that psychologists should study real-world everyday events about the human condition. Cognitive psychology has been criticized for its lack of ecological validity.

Front 12

Mary Parker Follett (1868-1933)

Back 12

An early industrial-organizational psychologist who applied her background in political psychology to corporate issues and seminal executive development seminars.

Front 13

Lillian Gillbreth (1878-1972)

Back 13

Called the "Mother of Industrial and Organizational Psychology", she and her husband Frank Gillbreth helped launch the field of ergonomics. She studied many diverse topics including worker efficiency and effective management.

Front 14

Harry Frederick Harlow (1905-1981)

Back 14

American psychologist noted for his creative contributions to learning theory and the formation of attachment.

Front 15

Donald Olding Hebb (1904-1985)

Back 15

A pioneer in the neurobiology of learning, he provided a testable explanation of associationist learning and evaluated the effects of the environment on rats' neurological development.

Front 16

Information-processing Metaphor

Back 16

The view that cognition involves the processing of information in a sophisticated manner or sequence. Also known as the computer metaphor.

Front 17

Eric Kandel (1929-)

Back 17

A biological psychologist taking reductionistic approaches to the physiological aspects of memory in animal models.

Front 18

Learning Set

Back 18

Harlow's finding that previous experience can facilitate a primate's ability to discriminate among stimuli. Harlow also referred to this process as learning to learn.

Front 19

Donald B. Lindsley (1907-2003)

Back 19

An early cognitive and behavioural neuroscientist, he helped launch the electrical study of the brain, particularly with his application of the EEG to psychological research.

Front 20

Marsha M. Linehan (1943-)

Back 20

Developer of DBT, a blend of Western scientific approaches to behaviour and Eastern mindfulness practices.

Front 21

Otto Loewi (1873-1961)

Back 21

He shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology for the discovery of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. His work greatly increased understanding of the general processes of neural transmission.

Front 22

Elizabeth F. Loftus (1944-)

Back 22

She led the return to questions of eyewitness testimony that helped to revitalize the study of psychology and the law.

Front 23

Mentalism

Back 23

The use of words such as mind, intention, and cognition in the study of science. This aspect of cognitive psychology was challenged by B.F. Skinner.

Front 24

Stanley Milgram (1933-1984)

Back 24

A social psychologist who examined participants' willingness to obey an authority's orders to injure or even apparently kill another human.

Front 25

Jean Piaget (1896-1980)

Back 25

Swiss epistemologist who advanced a popular developmental theory of serially progressive states of human cognition.

Front 26

Psychoneuroimmunology

Back 26

The study of the interactions between the brain, behaviour, the immune system, and the social and physical environments. The field was launched by Robert Ader and colleagues in the 70's and 80's.

Front 27

Psychopharmacology

Back 27

The use of pharmaceuticals to treat individuals with psychological disorders.

Front 28

Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT)

Back 28

An early form of cognitive-behavioural therapy developed by Albert Ellis. Initially called Rational Therapy, this system gained its formal name in 2004.

Front 29

Walter Dill Scott (1869-1955)

Back 29

American psychologist and a critical early figure in the study of applied and industrial psychology as well as the psychology of advertising.

Front 30

David Shakow (1901-1980)

Back 30

A prominent clinical psychologist who developed training models for clinical psychologists that included internship and certification standards. His "Shakow Report" formed the core of the Boulder Model of clinical education.

Front 31

Muzafer Sherif (1908-1988)

Back 31

An early social psychologist in Gestalt tradition. He studied social norms with the autokinetic effect and he organized the famous boys' camp studies of prejudice.

Front 32

Roger W. Sperry (1913-1994)

Back 32

Biological researcher who studied the effects of split-brain operations on animals and humans with epilepsy.

Front 33

Systematic Desensitization

Back 33

Joseph Wolpe's popular behaviour therapy based on Pavlovian conditioning. Originally called reciprocal inhibition, the methodology involves progressive relaxation techniques paired with an anxiety hierarchy.

Front 34

Verbal Learning Theory

Back 34

A branch of functionalism and neobehaviourism concerned with associationist explanations of memory and forgetting.

Front 35

Wisconsin General Test Apparatus

Back 35

An apparatus designed by Harry Harlow to study form discrimination in primates.

Front 36

Joseph Wolpe (1915-1997)

Back 36

Psychiatrist and founding figure of beahviour therapy. His work on systematic desensitization revolutionized therapy for anxiety disorders and placed him at the forefront of the "first wave" of psychotherapy.