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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What famous psychologist studied gender reassignment?
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John Money
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What was John Money's theory regarding gender reassignment?
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-Neutral at birth
-Environment determines gender |
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What is the cause of intersexuality?
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Genetics
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What does SDM stand for? Is it larger in males or females?
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Sexually Dimorphic Nucleus. Large in males.
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When exposed to testosterone, what does the hypothalamus in females do?
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It has a SDM the size of a male rats.
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What is empiricism?
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knowledge that can be perceived (much of psychology field)
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What is feminism?
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Including the woman’s voice, advocating equality for men and women.
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Who is Diana Russell?
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she did rape research with all women interviewers who were specially trained, critiqued when no one believed the numbers could be that high.
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When women questioned directly, what % confided that they had been raped or someone had attempted rape on them?
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22%
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When women were questioned using different wording, what % confided that they had been raped or someone had attempted rape on them?
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44%
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When observing a hypothesis, what do we check for to look for gender bias?
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-based on a biased model?
-is research it's based on fair and gender neutral -is hypothesis stated in a gender fair manner? |
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When critiquing the design of the research, what do we check for gender bias?
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-Are variables of interest defined in an unbiased manner? (operational definitions)
-Are the methods and tests that will be used to measure variables gender-fair? |
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When critiquing the research design, what do we check for gender bias?
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-Is there gender related experimental bias? (data collectors, raters, interviewers, etc.)
-Are pps and control groups selected fairly? (gender-neutral ways) |
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When critiquing confounding variables, what do we check for gender bias?
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-any variable that affects your results that you don’t want to be there – outside of gender. Ex. Income, occupation, age, sexual relationships, victimization.
-Try to control by having a control group or do it statistically w/ analyses. |
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What is statistical significance?
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Pearson's r; more pps means a better chance of being significant.
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What is practical significance?
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It means its practical in real life.
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When critiquing the results of a study, what should we look for regarding gender bias?
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-Does the researcher present possible alternate explanations for gender differences?
-Does the researcher refrain from making overgeneralizations about gender differences? |
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What is the primary sex difference between men and women?
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men – instrumental (agency, action)
women – affective/expressive(relational) |
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________ are stable but __________ are unstable regarding men and women.
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Stereotypes; attitudes
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What is the impact of stereotypes on people's way of thinking?
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leads to search for examples to support stereotype (circular). Support for stereotype (confirmation): leads to perception of difference. Perception of difference (gender polarization) leads to strengthened stereotype
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The Bem Sex Role Inventory has what three sex roles for people to fit into?
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Masculine, Feminine, Androgynous
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What does Hyde suggest in her Gender Similaritis Hypothesis
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Males and females are more alike than different (determined by meta-analyses)
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What are the 3 main differences that can be found between men and women according to Hyde?
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1.motor performance
2.some measures of sexuality 3.some aspects of aggression (physical, verbal, relational) |
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What are 5 points that support the biological stance regarding gender differences?
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1. developmental timing
2. consistency across cultures – if difference appears in varied cultures 3. consistency across time – if difference hasn’t narrowed in recent decades 4. consistency across species 5. relation of differences to potential physiological sources (Ex. Hormones) |
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What are 5 characteristics of Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS)?
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1. the external genitals are feminine but the child has testes internally
2. They have no menstruation 3. estrogen does cause small breasts 4.Slightly masculine bodies 5. shallow vaginas |
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What is the genetic type of someone with AIS?
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XY with feminized genitalia
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What is AIS?
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partial or complete genetic disorder where the cells are unable to respond to androgens and the external genitals are feminine but the child has testes internally
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Are those with AIS usually declared boys or girls?
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Girls
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What is the genetic type of someone with CAH?
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XX w/ masculinized genitalia
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What is CAH?
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kind of the opposite of AIS.
overproduction of androgens by the adrenal glands. |
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Does CAH occur in boys or girls?
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can occur in XY as well but causes more problems around puberty (double dose of androgens)
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Are those people with CAH usually raised as girls or boys?
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usually raised as girls; surgical “correction” and lifelong medication (genital mutilation)
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Can those with CAH have children?
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sometimes fertile because internal organs are female
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What is one complaint people have with CAH?
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lack of sexual satisfaction.
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What is the genetic type of someone with Turner Syndrome?
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XO w/ underdeveloped organs
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What is the genetic type of someone with Klinefelter syndrome?
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XXY w/ some feminization
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What are 2 theories of social learning theory?
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1. Social Learning Theory
2. Cognitive Developmental Theory |
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What are 5 ways Bem tried to inoculate her children against gender stereotyping?
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1.retard gender education (ex. Books)
2.shared duties w/ husband (modeling) 3. clothing was gender neutral 4. encouraged wide variety of activities 5. advance sex education using nudity, proper vocabulary, and the birth control movie. |
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How did Bem approach sexuality at home? (2 Ways)
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1. sexual experimentation at home
2. provided books around the house, openly discussed sexual issues |
