Psych

Front 1

algorithum

Back 1

a set of rules for solving a problem in a finite number of steps, as for finding the greatest common divisor.

Front 2

insight

Back 2

the capacity to gain an accurate and deep intuitive understanding of a person or thing. (aha moment)

Front 3

propostions

Back 3

statements that express ideas

Front 4

incubation effect

Back 4

riddles, coming up with after shortly after finishing

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heuristics

Back 5

rule of thumb, shortcut. general problem solving strategy (can lead to error)

Front 6

Representativeness heuristic

Back 6

judging likelihood of event in terms of how well something represents or matches(particular prototypes)

Front 7

Gamblers Fallacy

Back 7

tendency to see links between events in past and future when the events are really indep.

Front 8

availability heuristic

Back 8

judging likelihood of events based on availability in memory

Front 9

conformation bias

Back 9

tendency to search for information that supports out preconceptions and ignore /distort contradictory evidence

Front 10

analytical cognition

Back 10

Americans- focus on main objects and seperate them from context; use rules to explain and predict reasoning.

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holistic cognition

Back 11

Asians-focus on entire scene and relations among objects; use relationships to explain/predict reasoning; focus on context

Front 12

field dependence

Back 12

high scorers; seperate line form context to make judgement

Front 13

field dependent

Back 13

low scorers; judgements are influenced by the cotext

Front 14

motivation

Back 14

desire or need that energizes and directs behavior

Front 15

Maslows Hierarchy of Needs (top to bottom)

Back 15

Self-transcedence needs, self-actualization, esteem, belongingness/love, safety, physiological

Front 16

intrinsic motivation

Back 16

desire to perform activities because they are rewarding in and of themselves

Front 17

extrinsic motivation

Back 17

desire to perform activities in order to obtain a reward, praise, of some other external benefit.

Front 18

mastery orientation

Back 18

desire to master a task and learn new knowledge and skills

Front 19

Ego-Approach Orientation (performance orientation)

Back 19

competitive orientation that focuses on being judged favorably relative to other poeple

Front 20

Avoidance Orientation

Back 20

one works to avoid negative judgements by self or others

Front 21

self-handicapping

Back 21

behaviors designed to sabotage ones own performance and provide an excuse for failure

Front 22

2-factor theory

Back 22

Schachter-Singer; experience emotion one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal

Front 23

display rules

Back 23

norms that regulate the appropriate expression of emotions
(influenced by gender roles of position in society)

Front 24

adaption level principle

Back 24

our happiness is relative to prior experience

Front 25

relative deprivation principle (social comparison)

Back 25

our happiness is relative to others atainments or experience

Front 26

immune neglect

Back 26

the tendency to underestimate our capacity to be resilient in responding to difficult life events

Front 27

psychological immune system

Back 27

allows us to rise above the effects of negative events

Front 28

focalism

Back 28

we focus to much on the central aspect of event and neglect other aspects of the event or the impact of other events

Front 29

hedonic adaptation

Back 29

tendency for one to quickly return to a stable level of happiness

Front 30

affective forecasting

Back 30

how one will feel in the future (ex: after a breakup or possible breakup)

Front 31

stress

Back 31

an circumstance that threaten or are perceived to threaten ones well-being and that thereby tan ones coping abilities.

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daily hassles (mirostressors)

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repeated irritations of everyday life (may predict illness better than major negative life events)

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Chronic stressors

Back 33

situations that continue over a long period of time (high crime area)

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acute stressors

Back 34

short duration and clear endpoint (exams)

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Type A personality

Back 35

person who is competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, hostile and anger-prone

Front 36

Type B personality

Back 36

people are relaxed and layed back

Front 37

brain-derived neurotropic factor

Back 37

protein in nervous system that promotes survival, growth and formation of new synapses

Front 38

personality

Back 38

unique, relatively consistent patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving (dipositional, psychodynamic, humanistic)

Front 39

Id

Back 39

most primitive; unconcious; thoughts, conflicts; try not to remember

Front 40

Ego

Back 40

derived from and serves Id; obeys relatively principle; preconcious and memory

Front 41

hydraulic model

Back 41

pressure builds up and must be reasoned

Front 42

Superego

Back 42

cparents and society; controls ego by giving rewards for compliance PRIDE and punishment for non-compliance guilt

Front 43

Five factor model

Back 43

neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, conscientiousness

Front 44

phenomenology

Back 44

how people perceive themselves and their world, in their own words

Front 45

self-serving bias

Back 45

tendency to attribute faliure and other bad events to external circumstances, but to attirbute success and other good events to the self

Front 46

social psychology

Back 46

attempt to understand and explain how thoughts, feelings and behavior of indiv are influence by the actual, imagined or implied

Front 47

compliance

Back 47

form of social influence in which one or more persons accepts diretc requests form one or more others

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social influence

Back 48

efforts by one or more indiv to change the attitudes or behaviors of one or more others

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foot in the door

Back 49

small request is followed by a larger one

Front 50

low balling

Back 50

two step compliance strategy in which the influencer secures agreement with a request by understanding its true cost

Front 51

conformity

Back 51

indiv experience pressure to adhere to existing social norms

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normative social influence

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conformity motivated by a fear of social rejection

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informational social influence

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conformity motivated by the belief that others are correct

Front 54

fundamental attribution eror

Back 54

tendency to underestimate role of the situation and overestimate the role of personal factors in explaining other peoples behavior

Front 55

milgram

Back 55

gave people shocks after the learner protests and falls quiet

Front 56

Lewin

Back 56

behavior is function of the person and environment B=f(P.E)

Front 57

attribution theory

Back 57

explain ones situation by crediting them for their spot or disposition

Front 58

social loafing

Back 58

tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when indiv accountable

Front 59

social facilitation

Back 59

stronger responses on simple or well learned tasks in the presence of others

Front 60

groupthink

Back 60

mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision making group over rides a realistic appraisal of alternatives

Front 61

more exposure effect

Back 61

phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli inc liking of them

Front 62

altrium

Back 62

unselfish regard for the welfare of others

Front 63

bystander effect

Back 63

tenency for any given bystaner to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are near