Psych 315 Exam 3

Front 1

Prejudice

Back 1

a preconceived negative judgement of a group and its individual members

Front 2

Stereotype

Back 2

a belief about the personal attributes of a group of people

Front 3

discrimination

Back 3

unjustified negative behavior toward a group or its members

Front 4

racism

Back 4

1. individual's prjudicial attitudes toward a people of a certain race
2. institutional pratices that subordinate people of a given race

Front 5

sexism

Back 5

just like racism but towards people of a certain sex

Front 6

dual attitude system

Back 6

we have explicit and implicit attitudes toward the same object

Front 7

"Implicit Associations Test"

Back 7

sees online now how people see white or black as "good"
demonstrates how implicit attitudes much harder to change than explicit

Front 8

Modern American attitudes about interacial marriage

Back 8

77% of americans now approve of interracial marriage where it was 4% in 1958

Front 9

Buying a car and Race

Back 9

Ian Ayers in 1990 found that car dealers gave lower prices to White Male and Female customers that Black customers and charged the Black females the most

Front 10

MIT: Race and Resumes

Back 10

Sent out resumes with white and black names, the white resumes heard back 1 out of 10 times the black 1 out of 15 times

Front 11

social dominance orientation

Back 11

a motivation to have one's group dominate other social groups

Front 12

ehtnocentric

Back 12

beleiving in the superiority of one's own ethnic group

Front 13

authoritarian personality

Back 13

personality that is disposed to favor obediance and authority and intolerance of outgroups as well as those of lower status

Front 14

Face-ism

Back 14

Eva Kruz studied faces portrayed in the media whinle in Gemrany 1989 and found face promient portrayals made those figures seem more intelligent and ambitous to people; adds to the fact that males are protrayed with faces women with their whole body and this perpetuates gender biases

Front 15

Scapegoat Theory

Back 15

displace agression causes groups to find a scapegoat

Front 16

realistic group conflict theory

Back 16

theory that prejudice arises from competition btwn groups for scarce resources

Front 17

social identity

Back 17

the "we" aspect of self-concept, the group memberships that answer "who am I"

Front 18

ingroup

Back 18

"us" group individual belong too

Front 19

outgroup

Back 19

"them" group that is percieved as distinctively different than ingroup

Front 20

ingroup bias

Back 20

tendency to favor one's own group

Front 21

outgroup homogenity effect

Back 21

perception of outgroup as

Front 22

own-race bias

Back 22

tendency for people to more accurately recognize faces of their own race

Front 23

stigma consciousness

Back 23

a person's expectation of being victimized by prejudice or discrimination

Front 24

1990 Gallup Poll

Back 24

Showed that US Population overestimates minority populations

Front 25

group-serving bias

Back 25

explaining away outgroup members' positive behaviors; also attributing negative behaviors to their dispositions

Front 26

linguistic intergroup bias

Back 26

specific part of group-serving bias where you change the way you discuss behaviors depending if actors are ingroup or outgroup members

Front 27

just-world phenomenon

Back 27

tendency of people to believe that the world is just and people get what they deserve

Front 28

Johanne Huart 2005

Back 28

found people recalled the 70% male face or 30% male face as male up to 80% male

Front 29

subtyping

Back 29

accommodating individuals who deviate from stereotype by thinking of them as exceptions to the rule

Front 30

subgrouping

Back 30

accommodating individuals who deviate from stereotype by forming a new stereotype about this subset of the gorup

Front 31

stereotype threat

Back 31

a disruptive concern, when facing a negative stereotype, that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype

Front 32

aggression

Back 32

physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone

Front 33

hostile aggression

Back 33

aggression driven by anger and performed as an end in itself

Front 34

instrumental aggression

Back 34

aggression that is a means to some other end

Front 35

instinctive behavior

Back 35

an innate unlearned behavior pattern exhibited by all members of a species

Front 36

frustration-aggression theory

Back 36

the theory that frustration triggers a readiness to aggress

Front 37

frustration

Back 37

blocking of goal directed behavior

Front 38

displacement

Back 38

redirection of aggression to a target other than the source of the frustration

Front 39

relative deprivation

Back 39

perception that one is less well-off than others with whom one compares oneself

Front 40

social learning theory

Back 40

Bandura, theory that we learn by observing or imitating and by being rewarded or punished

Front 41

prosocial behavior

Back 41

positive, constructive, helpful social behavior

Front 42

social scripts

Back 42

culturally provided mental instructions for how to act in various situations

Front 43

conflict

Back 43

a perceived incompatibility of actions or goals

Front 44

peace

Back 44

a condition marked by low levels of hostility and aggression and by mutually beneficial relationships

Front 45

social trap

Back 45

a situation in which the conflicting parties, each pursuing its self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior

Front 46

Tragedy of the Commons

Back 46

happens when individuals take more than their fair share of a common resource

Front 47

non-zero-sum games

Back 47

games in which outcomes need not sum to zero, wit cooperation both can win

Front 48

equal-status contact

Back 48

contact on an equal basis

Front 49

GRIT

Back 49

Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in tension reduction