Psych

Front 1

A condition characterized by:
- Girl having more testosterone beginning at birth.
- Sometimes ambiguous genitalia.
- Enjoys typically masculine activities as a kid.

Back 1

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Front 2

Cause of androgen insensitivity:

Back 2

A boy's androgen receptors are not functioning properly

Front 3

AKA "natural selection":

Back 3

premise

Front 4

Theory stating that gender is influenced by the particular ways girls & boys are talked to/treated from infancy:

Back 4

Social Cognitive Theory of Gender

Front 5

Langlois & Downs (1980):
- topic of the study
- subjects
- general findings/results

Back 5

- differences in parental treatment by gender
- 3 & 5 yr olds & their parents
- mom & dad intervened less if child played with gender-neutral/appropriate toys

Front 6

- a typical 1 mo-6 yr old boy's room:
- a typical 1 mo-6 yr old girl's room:

Back 6

- vehicles, machines, army & sports equipment, soldiers
- dolls, flowers, ruffles, family-oriented toys

Front 7

Theory stating that children first learn they are M or F, then learn the behaviors & attitudes consistent w/ their gender:

Back 7

Cognitive developmental theory of gender

Front 8

Theory stating that children first learn they are M or F, then they learn the behaviors & attitudes consistent w/ their gender:

Back 8

Cognitive Developmental Theory of Gender

Front 9

problem w/ Cognitive Developmental Theory of Gender:

Back 9

Children ~ 12 mo already participate in gender-specific behavior

Front 10

Theory stating that children:
- encode info related to gender beginning in infancy, & develop "schemas" of M & F;
- Once they know which they are, they're motivated to conform to the "right" schema

Back 10

Gender Schema Theory

Front 11

According to the Gender Schema Theory, at what age do children learn & begin to conform to their gender schema?

Back 11

~ preschool age

Front 12

Which gender:
1) has better immune systems
2) is more likely to devel. physical & psych. disorders
3) has greater infant mortality
4) has better spacial skills
5) better verbal, reading & writing skills
6) better students

Back 12

1) F
2) M
3) M
4) M
5) F
6) F

Front 13

ability to inhibit a behavior you shouldn't do

Back 13

self-regulation

Front 14

Age at which physical aggression favors boys (peaks?):

Back 14

~ preschool age

Front 15

Age by which gender-typed play begins:

Back 15

1 yr

Front 16

Children understand that gender is permanent by age:

Back 16

~5-6

Front 17

Children prefer same-sex peers by age:

Back 17

preschool

Front 18

Gender that is socialized more quickly:

Back 18

M

Front 19

Gender-Intensification Hypothesis:

Back 19

Gender diffs become more pronounced in early adolescence because of increased pressure to conform.

Front 20

Why is gender-intensification a problem for boys?

Back 20

-we encourage dangerous behavior

Front 21

Primary difference between genders in adulthood:

Back 21

-communication

Front 22

- "Rapport" talk =
- "Report" talk =
- Males:
- Females:

Back 22

- to establish relationships
- factual; conveys info.
M: Report
F: Rapport

Front 23

Challenges in adulthood:
- Men:
- Women:

Back 23

Men: being more nurturing; "role strain"
Women: being more assertive w/ needs

Front 24

Which gender seems to change more than the other as they age?

Back 24

- M

Front 25

Why do many older women increase time spent working?

Back 25

- family obligations reduced

Front 26

Poorest demographic group in the US:

Back 26

- A.A. women over 70

Front 27

Types of aggression:
- for the purpose of obtaining a toy or possession =
- simply to hurt the other person =
- a response to being attacked, threatened, or frustrated =
- using force to dominate or bully & threaten =
- using the threat of damage to another person's interpersonal relationships to manipulate or gain something =

Back 27

- Instrumental
- hostile
- reactive
- proactive
- relational

Front 28

Types of aggression:
- correlated w/ characteristics that become problems later on:

Back 28

- reactive

Front 29

Developmental changes in physical aggression:
- toddlers vs. older children

Back 29

- Toddlers: rely heavily on physical attacks to obtain possessions;
Older children: use language skills to verbally assault.

Front 30

Changes in relational aggression:
- preschool vs. older children/teens
-involve larger peer group:

Back 30

- Preschool: very overt, verbal, dyadic;
Older children/teens: become more covert, difficult to detect.
- older/teens

Front 31

Female hormone that similarly affects aggressive behavior in girls (compared to testosterone in boys):

Back 31

estradiol

Front 32

5 family influences on aggression

Back 32

- insecure attachment
- teaching young boys to defend themselves
- parental fighting/arguing
- parental use of power-assertive discipline
- lack of monitoring child's activities, friends, whereabouts

Front 33

Family influences on aggression:
- results in higher stress hormones in child:
- i.e. spanking, physical punishment

Back 33

- parental fighting/arguing
- parental use of power-assertive discipline

Front 34

Family influences on aggression:
- conducted longitudinal study of children's aggression:
- observed:
- correlation/findings:

Back 34

- Patterson
- differences in the home env. of aggressive children
- in aggressive child's home, lack of monitoring of child's activities, friends, whereabouts

Front 35

Peer group influences on aggression:
- when one kid makes friends w/ other kids who are more aggressive than they are =
- peer status that is more aggressive; particularly relationally aggressive:

Back 35

- "deviancy training"
- popular kids

Front 36

Age-inappropriate actions that violate family/societal norms, rights of others =

Back 36

Conduct disorder

Front 37

typical behaviors of conduct disorder:

Back 37

- swearing excessively
- tantrums
- acting out
- assault
- theft
- vandalism

Front 38

percentage of children w/ conduct disorder:

Back 38

5%

Front 39

Juvenile delinquency:
- offense for behavior or act that is illegal regardless of age (rape, homocide, physical assault):
- offense for behavior that is illegal for age (drinking, driving, sex, purchasing tobacco):

Back 39

- index
- status

Front 40

Pathways to juvenile delinquency:
- stops after high school; not long-term:
- more serious crimes, higher frequency; long-term:
- minor theft, vandalism, truency:
- starts during adolescence:
- starts younger:

Back 40

- "adolescence limited"
- "life course persistent"
- AL
- AL
- LCP