Psych 300 Exam A Ch. 11

Front 1

Aggression

Back 1

Behavior intended to harm another individual

Front 2

Altruism

Back 2

Any behavior that is designed to increase another person’s welfare, and particularly those actions that do not seem to provide a direct reward to the person who performs them

Front 3

Attitude

Back 3

Our relatively enduring evaluations of people and things

Front 4

Attitudes

Back 4

Our enduring evaluations of people or things

Front 5

Catharsis

Back 5

The idea that observing or engaging in less harmful aggressive actions will reduce the tendency to aggress later in a more harmful way

Front 6

Casual Attribution

Back 6

The process of trying to determine the causes of people’s behavior, with the goal of learning about their personalities

Front 7

Close Relationships

Back 7

Long-term intimate and romantic relationships—for instance, a marriage

Front 8

Cognitive Dissonance

Back 8

The discomfort we experience when we choose to behave in ways that we see as inappropriate and that leads our behavior to change our attitudes

Front 9

Conformity

Back 9

A change in beliefs or behavior that occurs as the result of the presence of the other people around us

Front 10

Culture Of Honor

Back 10

A social norm that condones and even encourages responding to insults with aggression

Front 11

Desensitization

Back 11

The tendency over time to show weaker emotional responses to emotional stimuli

Front 12

Diffusion Of Responsibility

Back 12

The assumption that others will take action and therefore we do not take action ourselves

Front 13

Discrimination

Back 13

Negative behaviors toward others based on prejudice

Front 14

Fundamental Attribution Error (Correspondence Bias)

Back 14

The common tendency to overestimate the role of person factors and overlook the impact of social situations in judging others

Front 15

Groupthink

Back 15

An outcome that occurs when a group, as a result of a flawed group process and strong conformity pressures, makes a very poor decision

Front 16

Illusion Of Group Productivity

Back 16

The tendency to overvalue the productivity of group in comparison to individual performance

Front 17

Mere Exposure

Back 17

The tendency to prefer stimuli (including but not limited to people) that we have seen more frequently

Front 18

Minority Influence

Back 18

Conformity in which a smaller number of individuals is able to influence the opinions or behaviors of the larger group

Front 19

Obedience

Back 19

Conformity toward those with authority

Front 20

Prejudice

Back 20

The tendency to dislike people because of their appearance or group memberships

Front 21

Psychological Reactance

Back 21

A strong emotional reaction that leads people to resist pressures to conform

Front 22

Reciprocal Altruism

Back 22

The principle that, if we help other people now, those others will return the favor should we need their help in the future

Front 23

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

Back 23

A situation that occurs when our expectations about the personality characteristics of others lead us to behave toward those others in ways that make those beliefs come true

Front 24

Self-Monitoring

Back 24

The tendency to regulate behavior to meet the demands of social situations

Front 25

Self-Perception

Back 25

Using our behavior to help us determine our own thoughts and feelings

Front 26

Social Cognition

Back 26

The part of human thinking that helps us understand and predict the behavior of ourselves and others

Front 27

Social Facilitation

Back 27

The tendency to perform tasks better or faster in the presence of others

Front 28

Social Identity

Back 28

The positive emotions that we experience as a result of our group memberships

Front 29

Social Inhibition

Back 29

The tendency to perform tasks more poorly or more slowly in the presence of others

Front 30

Social Loafing

Back 30

A group process loss that occurs when people do not work as hard in a group as they do when they are working alone

Front 31

Social Norms

Back 31

The accepted beliefs about what we do or what we should do in particular social situations

Front 32

Social Psychology

Back 32

The scientific study of how we feel about, think about, and behave toward the other people around us, and how those people influence our thoughts, feelings, and behavior

Front 33

Social Situation

Back 33

The people with whom we are interacting

Front 34

Stereotyping

Back 34

The tendency to attribute personality characteristics to people on the basis of their external appearance or their social group memberships