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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the psych triad
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think, feel, behave |
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What are the 5 basic approaches and briefly describe them |
trait: how ppl differ psychologically biological: understand mind in term of body psychoanalytical: unconscious mind phenomenological: conscious experience of world -humanisitic: human attributes -cross cultural: things different in cultures learning and cognitive processes approach -behaviours, punishments, rewards |
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What does pigeonholing mean |
emphasize how ppl are different from one another |
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What are 4 types of observations Henry Murray stated, what are adv and dis |
S data-ask person directly -adv: face validity, large amounts of info, access to feelings, truth, causal force, simple, easy -dis: wont tell you, cant tell you (fish in water effect), overused, I Data-ask somebody who knows -adv: large amount of info, real world bias, have common sense and context, truth, causal force (expectancy effect) -dis: limited behavioural info, lack access to private experiences, error in memory, error in remembering extremes, bias L data: life outcomes -adv:objective and verifiable, intrinsic importance, psychological varibables -dis: multidetermination B data: watch person in lab -adv: range of contexts, appearance of objectivity -dis: difficult and expensive, uncertain interpretation |
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what is efficacy expectations what is expectancy effect |
the type of person u think u are has important effects on the goals that you set ppl become what others expect them to be |
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Facebook provides accurate data on what 3 traits, but not for 1 trait |
openness, extraversion, agreeableness not neuroticism |
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What type of characteristics can u tell from ppl based on their room |
conscientous, curious ppl cant tell if theyre extraversion |
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What are behaviouroids |
ppl report what they think they would do under various circumstances |
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What are 4 things that undermine reliability |
low precision state of participant varies state of experimenter enviro of study |
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4 ways to enhance reliability |
be careful constant procedure measure something important averaging is most readily |
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spearman brown formula |
random influences tend to cancel one another out |
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Limits to generalizability |
gender bias shows vs no shows ethnic and cultural diversity |
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Explain 3 research designs and their adv and dis |
Case method -adv: well detailed -dis: cant be generalized Experimental -adv: manipulation focuses results, -dis: dont know exactly what u manipulate, made extremes that are artificial, require deception Correlational -adv: naturally occurring pop -dis: third variable problem (unmeasured variable affects exp), dont know direction of causality |
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What are the 4 key ideas of psychoanalysis |
psychic determinism internal structure psychic conflict and compromise mental energy |
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what is the principle of conservation of energy what is doctrine of opposites |
energy used for one thing is taken away from another things everything requires its opposite and cant exist without the other |
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In the oral stage, explain the psych theme and adult characteristic |
dependency oral character: obession, discomfort one end is independent souls, other is passive inds who wait for everything |
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Anal stage, explain psych theme and adult characteristic what are the terrible twos |
self control and obedience personality becomes organized around control issues -one end: obsessive, stingy, orderly -no self control, chaotic, disorganized children test boundaries of parents after order was given |
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Phallic stage, explain psych theme and adult characteristic what 2 things develop in this stage |
gender identity and sexuality -one end, rigid moral code, asexual -other lacks moral code, promiscuous dvlp of morality and sexuality |
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Genital stage, whats the psych theme mental health is what whats the physical focus |
maturity to love and to work genitals, process of reproduction |
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What are 2 examples of parapraxes |
slips and forgetting |
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Whats transference and countertransference
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alliance grows this way, brings ways of thinking and feeling that developed toward one person to another person therapist reacts to the patient postively or negatively |
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What are 3 themes of neo-freudian thought
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sex is less important less emphasis on unconscious mental processes less emphasis on instincts |
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What is organ inferiority |
someone who felt weak as a child will strive for physical strength as an adult |
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What is masculine protest |
compensation of feeling power for feeling inadequate or inferior as a child |
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What did Horney doing |
women overcome basic anxiety as a child which is fear of being alone and helpless in a hostile world these are needs ppl feel but are not realistic or desirable |
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What did erickson say about the following freud concepts Oral Anal Phallic Latency Genital |
Trust vs mistrust autonomy vs shame and doubt initiative vs guilt industry vs inferiority identity vs confusion, intimacy vs isolation, integrity vs despair |
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What are 4 themes of the object relations theory with Klein and Winnicott |
every rlsp has elements of satisfaction and frustration mix of love and hate distinction bw the parts of the love object and whole psyche of the baby and adults is aware of and disturbed |
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Whats the difference bw paranoid position and depressive position |
destroy bad things out of fear it will destroy you worship the good out of fear of losing it |
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Winnicott: got ideas from a cloth called _____ These objects are called ______ |
niffle transitional objects |
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What is parallel distributed processing
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mind does many things at once but only a small fraction of its activity becomes conscious |
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What was bowlbys theory of attachment |
patterns of rlps with others taht are consistently repeated with different partners throughout life |
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What do working models of others and self mean |
with attachment, infants develop expectations of how others can be expected to react call working models of others and how he expects himself to feel and behave called working model of self |
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Mary ainsworth did what exp What are the 3 types of children and their house they grew up in -describe some characteristics about their personality |
strange situation Separate child from mom then reunited Anxious-ambivalent children: had inconsistent homes -gets upset when they leave -extreme jealousy, low self esteem, parents are unfair avoidant children: denied attempts to enjoy contact with loved ones -dont look stressed when mom leaves but heart rate increases, when mom returns they ignore her -hostile and defiant, uninterested in romance, -dont share personal info, hate those who do secure children; confident faith in parents and self -when mom returns, greet her nicely -easily soothed, sure of parents support |
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What are characteristics of those who have high anxiety, high avoidance, or high in both |
high anxiety: loved ones wont be there, extreme vigilance high avoidance: distrust ppl and maintains independence and emotional distance both: dont pay attention to any signs of emotion from another person |
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when flashed harmful words subliminally, what do ppl think of |
those who are significant to them |
