Psych 260 Flashcards

Front 1

The ___is a structure that separates the inside of a cell from the outside.

Back 1

membrane

Front 2

A ___is the structure that contains the chromosomes.

Back 2

nucleus

Front 3

The ___is a structure where the cell performs metabolic activities.

Back 3

mitochondrion

Front 4

___are sites at which the cell synthesizes new protein molecules.

Back 4

Ribosomes

Front 5

The __ ___is a network of thin tubes that transport newly synthesized proteins to other locations.

Back 5

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Front 6

The ___ ___contains the nucleus and other structures found in most cells.

Back 6

cell body

Front 7

___are branching fibers that recieve info and sends it to the cell body.

Back 7

Dendrites

Front 8

An ___is a thin fiber that sends info from the cell body to the pre-synaptic terminals.

Back 8

axon

Front 9

The ____ ____is an insulating material covering axons in many neurons; it speeds up communication along the axon.

Back 9

Myelin Sheath

Front 10

The ___ ___is the endpoint on the axon that releases chemicals.

Back 10

Presynaptic Terminal

Front 11

An __axon carries info away from a structure.

Back 11

efferent

Front 12

An ___neuron brings info into a structure.

Back 12

afferent

Front 13

An ___(also known as an ___neuron)conveys info only to immediately adjacent neurons.

Back 13

intrinsic neuron

Front 14

The ___of dendrites determines its connections with other neurons.

Back 14

branching

Front 15

Name five types of glial cells?

Back 15

astrocytes,microglia,oligodendrocytes, shwann cells, and radial glia

Front 16

___remove waste material from a neuron, including dead neurons.

Back 16

Astrocytes.

Front 17

___remove wastes, viruses, and microorganisms.

Back 17

Microglia

Front 18

___are located in the CNS and produce myelin sheaths for axons.

Back 18

Oligodendrocytes

Front 19

__cells are located in the PNS. They produce and repair myelin sheaths for axons. They also guide regenerating axons to target.

Back 19

Schwann cells

Front 20

____glia are a type of astrocyte. They guide the migration of neurons. They guide the growth of axons and dendrites during embryonic development.

Back 20

Radial glia

Front 21

___cells if capillary walls are joined tightly to form the blood-brain barrier.

Back 21

Endothelial cells

Front 22

___is the primary energy source for the brain.

Back 22

Glucose

Front 23

The vitamin ___is necessary for the use of glucose.

Back 23

Thiamine

Front 24

Prolonged thiamine deficiency can lead the the death of neurons and ___syndrome.

Back 24

Korsokoff's syndrome

Front 25

Neurons communicate through ____that travel along the axon 10 to 100 meters per second.

Back 25

impulses

Front 26

___ ___of the neuron

-electrical gradient of ___ exists between inside and outside of neuron because there is far more sodium outisde than inside.

Back 26

Resting Potential; -70 mV

Front 27

___ ___: NA+ more concentrated outside cell and K+ more concentrated inside cell.

-maintained by a ___ ___ ___that pumps 3 NA+ ions out of cell for every 2 K+ ions in.

Back 27

concentration gradient; sodium-potassium pump.

Front 28

Why a resting potential?
-electrical gradient and ion concentrations prepare neuron to ___ ___to stimulus.

Back 28

respond rapidly

Front 29

resting potential is maintained after ___ ____.

Back 29

slight stimulation

Front 30

___:increase in the negative charge inside the neuron; returns to rest after small increase.

Back 30

hyperpolarization

Front 31

___:decrease in the negative charge inside the neuron; returns to rest after small decrease.

Back 31

depolarization

Front 32

__ ___: stimulation beyond a certain level crosses the threshold of excitation and produces a sudden, massive ____of the membrane.

-rapid depolarization continues to about ___ and then returns rapidly to its resting potential.

Back 32

Action Potential; depolarization

+30mV

Front 33

The ____:
-the size, amplitude, and velocity are independent of the intensity of the stimulus that initiated it.

Back 33

all-or-none law

Front 34

With slight depolarization, sodium channels ___ ___.

Back 34

open slightly

Front 35

-With slight depolarization, sodium channels ___ ___.
-once threshold is reached, sodium channels open wide and NA+ ions _________.
-at the peak of the action potential, ___ ____ ___ and cannot be opened again for the next millisecond or so.

Back 35

open slightly; rush into the cell; sodium channels close

Front 36

__ ___: open wide as the action potential approaches its peak allowing K+ ions to flow out of the cell.
-cell becomes ____and overshoots resting membrane potential, and then returns to -70 mV.

Back 36

Potassium channels; hyperpolarized.

Front 37

Immediately after an action potential, the neuron enters a ____ ___and resists producing more action potentials.

Back 37

refractory period

Front 38

____refractory (~1ms)
-the sodium gates are firmly closed.
-the membrane cannot produce an action potential, regardless of the stimulation.

Back 38

absolute

Front 39

___refractory periods (another 2-4 ms)
-the sodium gates are reverting to their usual state, but the potassium gates remain open.

Back 39

relative refractory periods