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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Classical Conditioning? |
The use of association to anticipate events, involving unconditioned stimuli, unconditioned responses, conditioned stimuli, conditioned responses, and neutral stimuli US + NS ----> CR |
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What is Higher Order Learning? |
Further and further removal from the initial stimulus while still providing a response |
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What is Extinction? |
The stimulus loses its ability to register a response |
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What is Spontaneous Recovery? |
We adapt/modify ourselves in relation to our environment. |
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What is the difference between Discrimination and Generalization? |
(While learning) Discrimination registers stimuli as distinct, while generalizations cause distinctions to fade into the background (after learning) |
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What is Operant Conditioning? |
Behavior change using reinforcement, such as rewards. |
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What is an Aversion? |
Negative association as a result of classical conditioning. |
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How are operants acquired and maintained? |
Operants are acquired through continuous reinforcement, but maintained through partial reinforcement. |
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What is Cognitive Learning? |
Learning via thinking about experiences through our perceptions. |
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What is the difference between Reinforcement and Punishment? |
Reinforcement encourages a desired behavior through reward, while punishment discourages undesired behavior by giving an undesirable. |
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What is Vicarious reinforcement? |
Reinforcement or punishment experienced by models that affects the willingness of others to perform behaviors they learned by observing models. |
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What are the 3 Kinds of Memory? |
Episodic (memory of experience) , Semantic (general knowledge) and Procedural (skills) |
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What are the 3 Processes of Memory? |
Encoding (converts from senses to perception), Storing ( Rehearsal of information), Retrieving (locate memory and return it to awareness) |
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What are the 3 Stages of Memory? |
Sensory (fleeting information from our surroundings), Short Term (Information that fades unless rehearsed), Long Term (Unlimited duration, remembered through meaningful connections) |
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What are Proactive and Retroactive interference |
Proactive is an inability to remember new info, while retroactive is the inability to remember old info |
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What is the Serial Position Effect? |
We tend to remember beginnings and endings (primacy and recency) because of paying attention to boundaries |
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What is Chunking? |
Breaking info into smaller bits for ease of remembering |
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What is Flash Bulb Memory? |
Memory in extreme detail |
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What are Anterograde and Retrograde Amnesia? |
Failure to remember after trauma; failure to remember before trauma |
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What does Language require? |
Semanticity (meaning/symbols), productivity (individuality and originality), and displacement (communication about an event/object from another event, etc.) |
