Psych. 2

Front 1

Prefrontal Lobotomy

Back 1

Surgical procedure that severs fibers connecting the frontal lobes of the brain from the underlying thalamus

Front 2

Heuristics

Back 2

Mental shortcuts that help us to streamline out thinking and make sense of our world

Front 3

Representativeness

Back 3

Heuristic that involves judging that probability of an event by its superficial similarity to a prototype

Front 4

Base Rate

Back 4

How common a characteristic or behavior is in the general population

Front 5

Availability

Back 5

Heuristic that involves estimating the likelihood of an occurrence based on the ease with which it comes to our minds

Front 6

Cognitive Biases

Back 6

Systematic errors in thinking

Front 7

Hindsight Bias

Back 7

Tendency to overestimate how well we could have successfully forecasted known outcomes

Front 8

Overconfidence

Back 8

Tendency to overestimate our ability to make correct predictions

Front 9

Naturalistic Observation

Back 9

Watching behavior in real-world settings

Front 10

External Validity

Back 10

Extent to which we can geralize findings to real-world settings

Front 11

Internal Validity

Back 11

Extent to which we can draw cause-and-effect inferences from a study

Front 12

Case Study

Back 12

Research design that examines one person or a small number of people in depth, often over an extended time period

Front 13

Existence Proofs

Back 13

Demonstrations that a given psychological phenomenon can occur

Front 14

Correlational Design

Back 14

Research design that examines the extent to which two variables are associated

Front 15

Illusory Correlation

Back 15

Perception of a statistical association between two variables where none exists

Front 16

Experiment

Back 16

Research design characterized by random assignment of participants to conditions and manipulation of an independent variable

Front 17

Random Assignment

Back 17

Randomly sorting participants into two groups

Front 18

Experimental Group

Back 18

In an experiment, the group of participants that receives the manipulation

Front 19

Control Group

Back 19

In an experiment, the group of participants that doesn't receive the manipulation

Front 20

Independent Variable

Back 20

Variablethat an experimenter manipulates

Front 21

Dependent Variable

Back 21

Variable that an experimenter measures to see whether the manipulation has an effect

Front 22

Confound

Back 22

Any difference between the experimental and control groups other than the independent variable

Front 23

Meta-analysis

Back 23

Investigation of the consistency of patterns of results across large numbers of studies conducted in different laboratories

Front 24

File Drawer Problem

Back 24

Tendency for negative findings to remain unpublished

Front 25

Placebo Effect

Back 25

Improvement resulting from the mere expectation of improvement

Front 26

Blind

Back 26

Unaware of whether one is in the experimental or control group

Front 27

Nocebo Effect

Back 27

Harm resulting from the mere epectation of harm

Front 28

Experimenter Expectancy Effort

Back 28

Phenomenon in which researchers' hypotheses lead them to unintentionally bias the outcome of a study

Front 29

Double-blind

Back 29

When neither reasearchers nor participants are aware of who's in the experimental or control group

Front 30

Hawthorne Effect

Back 30

Phenomenon in which participants' knowledge that they're being studied can affect their behavior

Front 31

Demand Characteristics

Back 31

Cues that participants pick up from a study that allow them to generate guesses regarding the researcher's hypotheses

Front 32

Random Selection

Back 32

Procedure that ensures every person in a population has an equal chance of being chosen to participate