Psych 1Xx3 Final Exam

Front 1

Adaptation

Back 1

Biological traits that help an individual survive and reproduce in its habitat-- perform a specific function and arise through natural selection

Ex: human eye, racoon's sensitive front paws for food/non-food discrimination, bats echo-location

Front 2

Adaptationist Perspective

Back 2

A label to describe how hypotheses about adaptive functions guide scientists' investigations. (ex: scientist studying colour perception researching why humans may need to distinguish btwn diff colours in their evo history)

Front 3

Altruism

Back 3

A social behaviour in which an actor incurs a cost in order to benefit a recipient other than themselves

Front 4

Behavioural Genetics

Back 4

The study of the evo of genes that code for behavioural traits rather than physical traits

Front 5

Coefficient of Relatedness

Back 5

"r", the mathematic term in Hamilton's Rule representing the probability that an actor and recipient share the gene in question. (ex: sharing a gene with your mother is generally r=0.5)

Front 6

Cooperation

Back 6

In evolutionary theory, the process of an actor working with a recipient to help them both for personal gain.

Front 7

Darwinian Fitness

Back 7

The average reproductive success of a genotype relative to alternative genotypes.

Front 8

Direct Fitness

Back 8

An individ's genetic contribution to the next generation through personal reproduction.

Front 9

Hamilton's Rule

Back 9

rB > c , reproductive benefit to recipients (B) multiplied by the probability that the recipients have identical copies of the same gene aka coefficient of relatedness (r), must be greater than the reproductive cost to the actor (C).

Front 10

Inclusive Fitness

Back 10

Fitness from indirect and direct sources; fitness from personal reproduction (such as feeding ability) and the reproduction of close genetic relatives.

Front 11

Indirect Fitness

Back 11

Fitness from the reproduction of close genetic relatives.

Front 12

Kin Recognition

Back 12

Identifying relatedness to other members of a species through mother's association, spacial closeness, and co-residence with other children

Front 13

Mate Choice

Back 13

Sub-type of Sexual Selection, female choice picks out males with best resistance to diseases- looking for best genes for being healthy.

Front 14

Mate Competition

Back 14

Subtype of Sexual Selection, success in combat to obtain mates with opponents of the same sex drives selection of a particular trait.

Front 15

Natural Selection

Back 15

Differential survival and reproduction of organisms as a result of the heritable differences between them.

Front 16

Phenotype Matching

Back 16

An evaluation of relatedness between individs based on an assessment of phenotypic similarity.

Front 17

Sexual Selection

Back 17

Component of natural selection that acts on traits that influence an organism's ability to obtain a mate (mate choice and mating competition)

Front 18

Stabilizing Selection

Back 18

Selection against any sort of departure from the species-typical adaptive design; stable traits over generations.