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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Self-Schema |
A cognitive structure, derived from past experience, that represents a person's beliefs and feelings about the self in general and in specific situations |
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Reflected Self-Appraisal |
A belief about what others think of one's self |
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Working Self-Concept |
A subset of self-knowledge that is brought to mind in a particular context |
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Social Comparison Theory |
The hypothesis that people compare themselves to other people in order to obtain an accurate assessment of their own opinions, abilities, and internal states |
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Contingencies of Self-Worth |
A perspective maintaining that self-esteem is contingent on successes and failures in domains on which a person has based his/her self-worth |
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Sociometer Hypothesis |
The idea that self-esteem is an internal, subjective index or marker of the extent to which a person is included or looked on favorably by others |
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Self-Enhancement |
The desire to maintain, increase, or protect one's positive self-views |
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Better-Than-Average Effect |
The finding that most people think they are above average on various personality trait and ability dimensions |
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Self-Affirmation Theory |
The idea that people can maintain an overall sense of self-worth following psychologically threatening information by affirming a valued aspect of themselves unrelated to the threat |
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Self-Evaluation Maintenance (SEM) Model |
The idea that people are motivated to view themselves favorably, and that they do so through two processes: reflection and social comparison |
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Self-Verification Theory |
The theory that people strive for stable, subjectively accurate beliefs about the self because such self-views give a sense of coherence |
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Self-Regulation |
Processes by which people initiate, alter, and control their behavior in the pursuit of goals, including the ability to resist short-term rewards that thwart the attainment of long-term goals |
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Self-Discrepancy Theory |
A theory that behavior is motivated by standards reflecting ideal and ought selves. Falling short of these standards produce specific emotions: dejection-related emotions for actual-ideal discrepancies, and agitation-related emotions for actual-ought discrepancies |
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Actual Self |
The self that people believe they are |
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Ideal Self |
The self that embodies people's wishes and aspirations |
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Ought Self |
The self that is concerned with the duties, obligations, and external demands people feel they are compelled to honor |
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Promotion Focus |
Self-regulation of behavior with respect to ideal self standards, or a focus on attaining positive outcomes and approach-related behaviors |
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Prevention Focus |
Self-regulation of behavior with respect to ought self standards, or a focus on avoiding negative outcomes and avoidance-related behaviors |
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Ego Depletion |
A state, produced by acts of self-control, in which people lack the energy or resources to engage in further acts of self-control |
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Self-Presentation |
Presenting the person we would like others to believe we are |
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Face |
The public image of ourself that we want others to believe |
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Self-Monitoring |
The tendency to monitor one's behavior to fit the current situation |
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Self-Handicapping |
The tendency to engage in self-defeating behavior in order to have an excuse ready should one perform poorly or fail |
