Psych 150 Modules 17,18,19 (Test 3)

Front 1

Learning in which certain events occur together

Back 1

Associative learning

Front 2

A type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events

Back 2

Classical conditioning

Front 3

The view that psychology
1: should be an objective science and
2: studies behavior without reference to mental processes

Back 3

Behaviorism

Front 4

A relatively permanent change in an organism's behavior due to experience

Back 4

Learning

Front 5

In classical conditioning, a stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning

Back 5

Neutral stimulus (NS)

Front 6

In classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus

Back 6

Unconditioned response (UR)

Front 7

In classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally--naturally and automatically--triggers a response

Back 7

Unconditioned stimulus (US)

Front 8

In classical conditioning, the learned response to a previously neutral stimulus

Back 8

Conditioned response (CR)

Front 9

In classical conditioning, a previously neutral stimulus that comes to trigger a conditioned response

Back 9

Conditioned stimulus (CS)

Front 10

In classical conditioning, the initial stage when links occur between the NS and CS

Back 10

Acquisition

Front 11

A procedure in which the CS is paired with a new NS, creating a second (often weaker) CS.

Back 11

Higher-order conditioning

Front 12

The diminishing of a conditioned response

Back 12

Extinction

Front 13

The reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response

Back 13

Spontaneous recovery

Front 14

The tendency for stimuli similar to the CS to elicit similar responses

Back 14

Generalization

Front 15

In classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal a US

Back 15

Discrimination

Front 16

In operant conditioning, a cage with a bar that an animal manipulates to get food/water

Back 16

Operant chamber

Front 17

An operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior

Back 17

Shaping

Front 18

In operant conditioning, any event that strengthens the behavior it follows

Back 18

Reinforcer

Front 19

Increasing behaviors by presenting a reward, such as food

Back 19

Positive reinforcement

Front 20

Increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing an undesired stimulus

Back 20

Negative reinforcement

This is NOT punishment

Front 21

An innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a biological need

Back 21

Primary reinforcer

Front 22

A stimulus that reinforces via its association with a primary reinforcer

Back 22

Conditioned reinforcer

Front 23

Reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs

Back 23

Continuous reinforcement

Front 24

Reinforcing a response only part of the time

Back 24

Partial (intermittent) reinforcement

Front 25

In operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses

Back 25

Fixed-ratio schedule

Front 26

In operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses

Back 26

Variable-ratio schedule

Front 27

In operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed

Back 27

Fixed-interval schedule

Front 28

In operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals

Back 28

Variable-interval schedule

Front 29

An event that decreases the behavior it follows

Back 29

Punishment

Front 30

A mental representation of the layout of one's environment

Back 30

Cognitive map

Front 31

Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it

Back 31

Latent learning

Front 32

Learning by watching others

Back 32

Observational learning

Front 33

The process of observing and imitating a specific behavior

Back 33

Modeling

Front 34

Frontal lobe neurons that fire when performing certain actions or when observing another doing so

Back 34

Mirror neurons

Front 35

Positive, constructive, helpful behavior

Back 35

Prosocial behavior