Ohio State University Psych 1100 Chapter 10

Front 1

Developmental Psychology

Back 1

Study of how behavior changes over the life span.

Front 2

Post Hoc Fallacy

Back 2

False assumption that because of one event occurred before another, it must have caused that event.

Front 3

Cross-sectional Design

Back 3

Research design that examines people of different ages at a single point in time.

Front 4

Cohort Effect

Back 4

Effect observed in a sample of participants that results from individuals in a sample growing up at the same time.

Front 5

Longitudinal Design

Back 5

Research design that examines development in the same group of people on multiple occasions over time.

Front 6

Gene-environment Interaction

Back 6

Situation in which the effects of genes depend on the environment in which they are expressed.

Front 7

Nature via Nurture

Back 7

Tendency of individuals with certain genetic predispositions to seek out and create environments that permit the expression of those predispositions.

Front 8

Gene Expression

Back 8

Activation or deactivation of genes by environmental experiences throughout development.

Front 9

Prenatal

Back 9

Prior to birth.

Front 10

Zygote

Back 10

Fertilized egg.

Front 11

Blastocyst

Back 11

Ball of identical cells early in pregnancy that haven't yet begun to take on any specific function in a body part.

Front 12

Embryo

Back 12

Second to eighth week of prenatal development, during which limbs, facial features, and major organs of the body take form.

Front 13

Fetus

Back 13

Period of prenatal development from ninth week until birth after all major organs are established and physical maturation is the primary change.

Front 14

Teratogen

Back 14

An environmental factor that can exert a negative impact on prenatal development.

Front 15

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Back 15

Condition resulting from high levels of prenatal alcohol exposure, causing learning disabilities, physical growth retardation, facial malformations, and behavioral disorders.

Front 16

Motor Behavior

Back 16

Bodily motion that occur as result of self-initiated force that moves the bones and muscles.

Front 17

Adolescence

Back 17

The transition between childhood and adulthood commonly associated with the teenage years.

Front 18

Puberty

Back 18

The achievement of sexual maturation resulting in the potential to reproduce.

Front 19

Primary Sex Characterstic

Back 19

A physical feature such as the reproductive organs and genitals that distinguish the sexes.

Front 20

Secondary Sex Characteristic

Back 20

A sex-differentiating characteristic that doesn't relate directly to reproduction, such as breast enlargement in women and deepening voices in men.

Front 21

Menarche

Back 21

Start of menstruation.

Front 22

Spermarche

Back 22

Boys' first ejaculation.

Front 23

Menopause

Back 23

The termination of menstruation, marking the end of a woman's reproductive potential.

Front 24

Cognitive Development

Back 24

Study of how children acquire the ability to learn, think, reason, communicate, and remember.

Front 25

Assimilation

Back 25

Piagetian process of absorbing new experience into current knowledge structures.

Front 26

Accomodation

Back 26

Piagetian process of altering a believe to make it more compatible with experience.

Front 27

Sensorimotor Stage

Back 27

Stage in Piaget's theory characterized by a focus on the here and now without the ability to represent experiences mentally.

Front 28

Object Permanence

Back 28

The understanding that objects continue to exist even when out of view.

Front 29

Preoperational Stage

Back 29

Stage in Piaget's theory characterized by the ability to construct mental representations of experience, but not yet perform operations on them.

Front 30

Egocentrism

Back 30

Inability to see the world from others' perspectives.

Front 31

Conservation

Back 31

Piagetian task requiring children to understand that despite a transformation in the physical presentation of an amount, the amount remains the same.

Front 32

Concrete Operations Stage

Back 32

Stage in Piaget's theory characterized by the ability to perform mental operations on physical events only.

Front 33

Scaffolding

Back 33

Vygotskian learning mechanism in which parents provide initial assistance in children's learning but gradually remove structure as children become more competent.

Front 34

Zone of Proximal Development

Back 34

Phase of learning during which children can benefit from instruction.

Front 35

Stranger Anxiety

Back 35

A fear of strangers developing at eight or nine months of age.

Front 36

Temperament

Back 36

Basic emotional style that appears early in development and is largely genetic in origin.

Front 37

Attachment

Back 37

The strong emotional connection we share with those to whom we feel closest.

Front 38

Contact Comfort

Back 38

Positive emotions afforded by touch.

Front 39

Mono-operation Bias

Back 39

Drawing conclusions on the basis of only a single measure.

Front 40

Average Expectable Environment

Back 40

Environment that provides children with basic needs for affection and discipline.

Front 41

Self-control

Back 41

Ability to inhibit an impulse to act.

Front 42

Gender Identity

Back 42

Individuals' sense of being male or female

Front 43

Gender Role

Back 43

A set of behaviors that tend to be associated with being male or female.

Front 44

Identity

Back 44

Our sense of who we are, and our life goals and priorities.

Front 45

Psychosocial Crisis

Back 45

Dilemma concerning an individual's relations to other people.

Front 46

Emerging Adulthood

Back 46

Period of life between the ages of 18 and 25 during which many aspects of emotional development, identity, and personality become solidified.

Front 47

Midlife Crisis

Back 47

Supposed phase of adulthood characterized by emotional distress about the aging process and an attempt to regain youth.

Front 48

Empty-nest Syndrome

Back 48

Alleged period of depression in mothers following the departure of their grown children from the home.