Psych 101 Test 1

Front 1

Stages of stress

Back 1

Alarm stage

Resistance stage

Exhaustion stage

Front 2

3 types of conflict

Back 2

Approach-Approach

Approach-Avoidance

Avoidance -Avoidance

Front 3

Approach approach conflict

Back 3

Two or more favorable alternatives are pitted against each other

Front 4

Approach avoidance conflict

Back 4

You face a choice that has both favourable and unfavorable characteristics

Front 5

Avoidance avoidance conflict

Back 5

You are faced written two or more alternatives that are unattractive

Front 6

PTSD

Back 6

Part traumatic stress disorder

Exposure to death, serious injury, or sexual violence.

Must have one of these symptoms:

Flashbacks, dreams about event, recurring distressing memories of event, extreme psychological distress when reminded, or physical reactions to cues related to the event

Front 7

Problem focused coping

Back 7

Direct approach to solving an issue

Front 8

Emotion focused coping

Back 8

Addressing the emotions that surround a problem, rather than trying to solve it.

Front 9

Self serving bias

Back 9

Attributing successes to internal characteristics, and failures to external circumstances

Front 10

Just-world hypothesis

Back 10

Observer thinks that people get what they deserve

Front 11

Fundamental attribution error

Back 11

Observer thinks actor's behavior is biased by internal characteristics, ignoring role of situation

Front 12

False consensus effect

Back 12

Observer tends to assume the actor is behaving similarly to how she would act in a given situation.

Front 13

Cognitive dissonance

Back 13

Tension resulting when a behavior clashes with an attitude.

Front 14

Situational attribution

Back 14

A belief that some environmental factor is involved in an event or activity

Front 15

Dispositional attribution

Back 15

A belief that some characteristic of an individual is involved in the cause of a situation/event/activity

Front 16

Conformity

Back 16

Asch's conformity experiment, line comparison. The urge to modify behaviors, attitudes, beliefs, and opinions to match those of others

Front 17

Obedience

Back 17

Changing behavior because we have been ordered to do so by an authority figure. Milgram's electricity experiment

Front 18

Ethnocentrism

Back 18

See the world through your own in-group perspective

Front 19

Discrimination

Back 19

Showing favoritism or hostility towards others because of their affiliation with a group.

Front 20

Prejudice

Back 20

Holding hostile or negative attitudes towards an individual or group

Front 21

Acetylcholine

Back 21

Neurotransmitter that relays messages from motor neurons to muscles. Low levels are associated with Alzheimer's disease

Front 22

Glutamate and GABA

Back 22

Gamma aminobutyric acid, inhibitory. Glutamate is excitatory, overactivity is associated with strokes, underactivity is associated with symptoms of schizophrenia

Front 23

Norepinephrine

Back 23

Prepares body for stress, regulates arousal and sleep

Front 24

Serotonin

Back 24

Controls appetite, aggression, mood, and sleep/breathing. Anti depressants stop reuptake of serotonin, increasing chances for attachment to receptors

Front 25

Dopamine

Back 25

Key role in learning through reinforcement, leaving time for receptors to interact with leftover dopamine. Attention and regulation of body movements is also important. Parkinson's disease is linked to deterioration of neurons that produce dopamine.

Front 26

Endorphins

Back 26

Naturally produced opioids that regulate secretion of other neurotransmitters, reducing pain and elevating mood. Block pain receptors.

Front 27

Agonists and Antagonists

Back 27

Increase normal activity of neurotransmitter (ex. Nicotine and muscarine/mushrooms). Reduce or block release of neurotransmitter. (Ex. Botox)

Front 28

Caffeine

Back 28

Blocks adenosine (It's an antagonist!) Which has a calming effect on the brain.

Front 29

Sensory adaptation

Back 29

Natural lessening of awareness of unchanging conditions

Front 30

Signal detection theory

Back 30

Their explaining how various factors influence our ability to detect weak signals in the environment

Front 31

Opponent process theory

Back 31

Special group of neurons that respond to opponent colors, red-green or blue-yellow

Front 32

Selective attention

Back 32

The ability to focus on a small segment of information that's available through sensory systems

Front 33

Circadian rhythm

Back 33

The 24 hour cycle of light and dark based on physiological and behavioral functioning.

Front 34

Sleep stages

Back 34

Stage 1 non-REM sleep, theta waves on EEG

Alpha waves are relaxed and drowsy state

Beta waves alert and awake

Delta waves: slew wave sleep

Front 35

Barbiturate

Back 35

Depressant drug that decreases neural activity and reduces anxiety.

Front 36

Opioid

Back 36

Class of drugs that minimize pain, induce drowsiness and euphoria, and slow down breathing. Endorphins are one example. Morphine and heroin are another example.