Psych 101 Chapter 06

Front 1

Temporal Theory

Back 1

Sound waves cause basilar membrane to vibrate. The rate of vibration determines the firing rate of nerve fiber (500 Hz tone -> 500 Hz vibration rate of BM -> 500 Hz firing rate of nerve fiber.)

Front 2

Sensory Adaptation

Back 2

Decrease in the response of sensory receptors when they are exposed to continual or unchanging stimulations.

Example: if a girl wears a necklace for a really long time you dont even feel like its there anymore. You adapt to that.

refers to stimuli which has become redundant or remains unchanged for an extended period of time. Ever wonder why we notice certain smells or sounds right away and then after a while they fade into the background? Once we adapt to the perfume or the ticking of the clock, we stop recognizing it. This process of becoming less sensitive to unchanging stimulus is referred to as sensory adaptation, after all, if it doesn't change, why do we need to constantly sense it?

Front 3

Signal Detection Theory

Back 3

A theory that says our ability to detect our stimulus depends not only on the intensity of the signal but also variable.


Have you ever been in a crowded room with lots of people talking? Situations like that can make it difficult to focus on any particular stimulus, like the conversation we are having with a friend. We are often faced with the daunting task of focusing our attention on certain things while at the same time attempting to ignore the flood of information entering our senses. When we do this, we are making a determination as to what is important to sense and what is background noise. This concept is referred to as signal detection because we attempt detect what we want to focus on and ignore or minimize everything else.
The idea that sometimes we are too caught up in our thoughts becuase we are lets say stressed but we dont hear it because were caught up in our thoughts. Watching TV but dont hear phone ring.

Front 4

Brightness

Back 4

Brightness is the intensity of light and is measured by the number of photo

Front 5

Hue

Back 5

Hue is determined by the wavelength. It is the color we perceive.

Front 6

Cones

Back 6

PHotoreceptors called, Cones have an important role in the perception of color.

Front 7

Rods

Back 7

Photoreceptors called Rods are for seeing in dim light.

Front 8

Retina

Back 8

The thing membrane at the back of eye containing photoreceptors is called Retina.

Front 9

Trichromatic Theory of Color Vision

Back 9

By Young and Helmholtz
-There are three types of receptors (cones), which are either sensitive to short (blue) medium (green) or long (red) wavelength. The join action determines the color experience.

Problems with Theory- Why is there no redish green or yellowish blue?
-Why are color-blind people red-green or blue-yellow blind, but never red-yellow blind?
-Why does a red object turn green in the afterimage?

Front 10

Pitch

Back 10

The demention of hearing that determines how high or low an audition is.

Front 11

Cones

Back 11

PHotoreceptors called, Cones have an important role in the perception of color.

Front 12

Rods

Back 12

Photoreceptors called Rods are for seeing in dim light.

Front 13

Retina

Back 13

The thing membrane at the back of eye containing photoreceptors is called Retina.

Front 14

Terminology

Back 14

Sensation
Absolute Threshold
Perception
Just Noticeable Difference (JND)

Front 15

Sensation

Back 15

Experiences associated with stimulus

Sensation is the process by which our senses gather information and send it to the brain. A large amount of information is being sensed at any one time such as room temperature, brightness of the lights, someone talking, a distant train, or the smell of perfume. With all this information coming into our senses, the majority of our world never gets recognized.

Front 16

Perception

Back 16

Integration and interpretation of sensations

Front 17

Absolute Threshold

Back 17

Minimum Intensity of a stimulus so that it can be reliably discriminated from no stimulus.

The absolute threshold is the point where something becomes noticeable to our senses. It is the softest sound we can hear or the slightest touch we can feel. Anything less than this goes unnoticed. The absolute threshold is therefore the point at which a stimuli goes from undetectable to detectable to our senses.

Front 18

Just Noticeable Difference (JND)

Back 18

The smallest difference between two stimuli to be perceived as different from one another.

Front 19

Which of the following structures does light energy pass through first?

Back 19

Aqueous humor

Front 20

While ___ are responsible for color vision, _____ allow us to see in dim light

Back 20

Cones/Rods

Front 21

A person with poor peripheral vision would most likely have a problem associated with his or her

Back 21

Rods

Front 22

A person whose lens cannot carrectly focus an image on his or her retina has a problem associated with ____

Back 22

Accommodation

Front 23

The process of interpreting and organizing the nervous system's response to a stimulus is known as ______

Back 23

Perception

Front 24

The dual processes of dark and light adaptation are related to:

Back 24

THe chemical response of the photopigments in teh photorectptor cells.

Front 25

Monocular cues

Back 25

are those cues which can be seen using only one eye. They include size; texture, overlap, shading, height, and clarity. Determine distance.

Front 26

Binocular cues

Back 26

refer to those depth cues in which both eyes are needed to perceive.

Front 27

Transduction

Back 27

process by which sensory organs transform sensory inputs (mechanical, chemical, or light energy) into the electrochemical energy that is generated by neurons firing so that the brain can process them

Front 28

Threshold

Back 28

minimum level of intensity or stength of a stimulus that is sufficient to activate a sensory process.

Front 29

Weber's Law

Back 29

as the strength of the original stimulus increases, the magnitude of the change must also increase in order for the jnd to be perceived.

example: the more weight you start off with, the more weight you need to add to see a difference

Front 30

Sensory Adaption

Back 30

describes the decrease in the response of sensory receptors when they are exposed to a continual, unchanging stimulation.

Front 31

What is the fastest sense to adapt?

Back 31

our receptors for smell are the quickest to adapt

Front 32

Subtractive Color Mixing

Back 32

pigments are mixd so that when the light falls on the mixture, the initial colors mixed in are lost.

ex: yellow paint + blue paint = green paint

Front 33

Additive Color Mixing

Back 33

lights of different wavelengths simultaneously stimulate the retina.

tv set: a close examination of a yellow object would reveal that it consists of red and green dots

Front 34

Opponent-process theory of color vision

Back 34

color vision based on six primary colors which are grouped into three pairs (red-green, blue-yellow, black-white) and inhibit each other

Front 35

Three Parts of the Ear

Back 35

inner, middle (eardrum and the ossicle), and outer (cochlea and basilar membrane)

Front 36

Place Theory

Back 36

where on membrane hair vibrates causes different pitches

Front 37

Frequency Theory

Back 37

low tones depend on the frequency of auditory cells; how fast they fire

Front 38

Conduction Hearing Loss

Back 38

caused by the failure of the outer and middle ear to conduct sound energy to the inner ear's receptors

-due to a buildup of ear wax

Front 39

Depth Perception (two types of cues)

Back 39

Binocular Cues: depend on both eyes working together
Monocular Cues: depend on one eye