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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the Health Belief Model?
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1. Severity of consequences
2. Susceptibility to consequences 3. Benefits of particular actions 4. Barriers (costs) to action |
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What is alcohol myopia?
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alcohol causes a short sightedness in which individuals pay attention to superficial, immediat cues, but ignore abstract, distant cues.
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What are the 4 sexual motivations?
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1. Enhancement Motives (pleasure)
2. Coping motives (min. neg. emotions) 3. Intimacy Motives (achieve intimacy) 4. Approval Motives |
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What is developmental psychology?
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the branch of psychology that studies the patterns of physical, cognitive, and moral growth and change occuring throughout life
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What are the 3 important issues in development?
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Nature vs. Nurture
Continuity (motor skills) vs. Stages (cognitive) Stability vs. Change |
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Piaget's 3 concepts needed to adapt to our envirionment?
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1. Schemata
2. Assimilation 3. Accommaodation |
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What are Piaget's 4 stages of cognitive development?
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1. Sensorimotor: can't think about environment using lang. Object permanence develops
2. Preoperational: can represent things with language but lacks logical reasoning a. Egocentrism: world from own pers. b. animism: everything is alive c. understanding conservation 3. Concrete Operational: child can think logically but not abstractly. Masters concept of conservation and reversibility. 4. Formal Operational: master most (only 40-60% reach) |
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What are Kkohlberg's levels of moral development?
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Level 1: preconventional Level (judgement is self-centered)
* Punishment- obediance * Instrumental- Exchange (costs & benefits) Level 2: Conventional Level: other-centered * Good-child orieintation (seek approval of others) * Land and Order: conforming to norms Level 3: Postconventional * Social-Contract: obedience to laws * Universal Ethics: morality to individual conscience |
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What are the three main approaches to personality?
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A. Self report: survey
B. Projective Tests: inkblots C. Behavioral Assessment |
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What are the 3 measurments of approaches?
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Standardized, Reliable, Valid
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What are Eysenck's major trait demensions?
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Extraversion: extent to which someone is outgoing and sociable
Neuroticism: refers to how emotionally stable someone is |
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What are Norman's five trait factors?
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Extraversion, emotional stability, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness.
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What is Freud's stage theory?
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Ppl. get fixated on a problem and exhibit a personality trait charcteristc of an earlier stage.
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Criticisms of Freud's Theory?
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* Built on unobservable, abstract conceptions
* Based on limited population |
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What is the cognitive approach to personality?
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Interaction of person and environment
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What is the learning approach to personality?
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a person developes personality only if she is exposed to good models and is reinforced for appropriate behavior
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What is the humanistic approach to personality?
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humans are always trying to do better through decisions
Self-concept: perception of who wer are and what we like based on interactions with others |
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what is the biological approach to personality?
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Genetic influences
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What is Mischel's Alternative View?
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There's no such thing as personality. All behavior is determined by external, social situations (kids view of own honesty)
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How is health defined?
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major health problems, past and present
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What is stress?
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the process by which we appraise and bodily respond to certain events that we see as threatening or challenging
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What causes stress?
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1. Major Life Events: usually involve change
2. Chronic Stressors: longterm 3. Daily Hassels: little, insignificant daily problems (most stressful) |
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What is id?
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operates on pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification
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What is ego?
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operates on reality principle satisfying id's desires in ways that will realistically bring leasure rather than pain
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What is superego?
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represents internalized ideals and is the conscience
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What is type A personality?
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competitive, hard-driving, impatients, verbally agressive, and anger-prone person
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