Psych 100 Ch. 9

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1. In her research, Professor Kyoto seeks to identify circumstances in which confirmation bias is especially likely to impede effective problem solving. Which specialty area does her research best represent? a. biological psychology b. developmental psychology c. personality psychology d. cognitive psychology2. Prototypes are especially important in the process of a. trial and error. b. constructing algorithms. c. developing language. d. classifying objects.3. In attempting to find and purchase high-quality cosmetics, Megan reminds herself that the most expensive brands are the best. Megan's self-reminder illustrates the use of a. an algorithm. b. trial and error. c. framing. d. a heuristic.4. If you are experiencing a fixation, you are a. searching for information that supports your preconceptions. b. unable to see a problem from fresh perspective. c. estimating the likelihood of a correct solution to your problem based on its availability in memory. d. overestimating the accuracy of your judgment.5. Because he erroneously believes that older workers are not as motivated as younger workers to work hard, a factory foreman is especially vigilant for any signs of laziness among his senior workers. His supervision strategy best illustrates a. the availability heuristic. b. an algorithm. c. confirmation bias. d. framing.6. Prompt feedback regarding your performance on psychology practice tests is most likely to inhibit a. overconfidence. b. the framing effect. c. process simulation. d. linguistic determinism.7. When her professor failed to recognize that Judy had her hand raised for a question, Judy began to think her professor was unfriendly. Although she subsequently learned that the professor's limited vision kept him from seeing her raised hand, she continued thinking the professor was unfriendly. Judy's reaction best illustrates a. the framing effect. b. belief perseverance. c. a critical period. d. the availability heuristic.8. Pigeons can reliably discriminate pictures of cars from pictures of chairs. This best illustrates their capacity to develop a. concepts. b. syntax. c. heuristics. d. algorithms.9. The word "chimps" contains ________ phoneme(s) and ________ morpheme(s). a. 5; 2 b. 6; 1 c. 2; 5 d. 1; 610. In the English language, adjectives are typically placed before nouns as in "green car." This illustrates an English language rule of a. semantics. b. algorithms. c. syntax. d. phonemes.11. Vocal sounds that are not included in one's native language first begin to disappear from usage during the ________ stage of language development. a. one-word b. two-word c. telegraphic d. babbling12. The older a person is when moving to a new country, the harder it is to learn the language. This best illustrates the importance of ________ for learning language. a. heuristics b. mental age c. algorithms d. a critical period13. As a result of an automobile accident, Jenny suffered damage to her cerebral cortex in Broca's area. Jenny is most likely to experience a. auditory hallucinations. b. memory loss. c. aphasia. d. paralysis of her left limbs.14. During a lecture, your professor says, "A child learns language as he interacts with caregivers." This generic use of the pronoun he is more likely to trigger images of males than of females. This best illustrates the impact of a. language on thinking. b. a fixation on problem solving. c. telegraphic speech on universal grammar. d. insight on decision making.15. Introductory psychology students facing a midterm exam one week later spent five minutes each day visualizing themselves reading their assigned chapters, going over their notes, and eliminating study distractions. This ________ simulation had a ________ effect on their exam scores. a. process; negative b. outcome; positive c. process; positive d. outcome; negative

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Gdyt

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1. We more quickly recognize that a blue jay is a bird than that a penguin is a bird because a blue jay more closely resembles our ________ of a bird. a. heuristic b. prototype c. algorithm d. phoneme2. To find Tabasco sauce in a large grocery store, you could systematically search every shelf in every store aisle. This best illustrates problem solving by means of a. the availability heuristic. b. belief perseverance. c. an algorithm. d. framing.3. Unlike the use of algorithms or heuristics, insight does not involve a. concepts. b. prototypes. c. cognition. d. strategy-based solutions.4. Max is so used to thinking that a tough competitive style of behavior is the best way to impress others that he fails to recognize that the most effective way to impress his girlfriend is with cooperative tenderness. Max's oversight best illustrates a. a fixation. b. the framing effect. c. an algorithm. d. a critical period.5. The easier it is for people to remember an instance in which they were betrayed by a friend, the more they expect such an event to recur. This best illustrates the impact of a. framing. b. confirmation bias. c. an algorithm. d. the availability heuristic.6. College students are more likely to use a condom when told that it has a 95 percent success rate than when told it has a 5 percent failure rate. This best illustrates the impact of a. framing. b. confirmation bias. c. a fixation. d. the availability heuristic.7. Professor Chadwick evaluated a graduate student's research proposal negatively simply because he had heard a rumor about the student's incompetence. When later informed that the rumor had been patently false, the professor's assessment of the student's research proposal remained almost as negative as it was originally. This best illustrates a. the representativeness heuristic. b. the availability heuristic. c. belief perseverance. d. framing.8. Native German speakers who pronounce the English word "this" as "dis" are demonstrating their difficulty with an English a. morpheme. b. prototype. c. phoneme. d. heuristic.9. When you add s to the word apple you are referring to more than one apple. This illustrates an English language rule of a. semantics. b. algorithms. c. syntax. d. telegraphic speech.10. The two-word stage of language development typically begins at the age of ________ months. a. 6 b. 10 c. 24 d. 3611. Research suggests that humans can most easily master the grammar of a second language during a. childhood. b. adolescence. c. early adulthood. d. late adulthood.12. In which of the following parts of the brain would a lesion most likely result in aphasia? a. amygdala b. hypothalamus c. Wernicke's area d. cerebellum13. Brain scans reveal that different ________ are activated when we process verbs rather than nouns. a. algorithms b. heuristics c. neural networks d. critical periods14. Rico, the border collie, can fetch 200 items by name. If asked to retrieve a toy with a name he has never heard before, Rico will fetch a toy that is a. a prototype. b. new. c. most easily available. d. broken.15. Using different words for two very similar objects enables people to recognize conceptual distinctions between the objects. This best illustrates a. telegraphic speech. b. linguistic determinism. c. fixation. d. the availability heuristic.

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Hdy

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Hdu

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Hdg

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2. Prototypes are especially important in the process of a. trial and error. b. constructing algorithms. c. developing language. d. classifying objects.

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Trial and error

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3. Unlike the use of algorithms or heuristics, insight does not involve a. concepts. b. prototypes. c. cognition. d. strategy-based solutions.

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Strategy-based solutions