Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
achievement motivation
|
The motive or desire to achieve success.
|
|
arousal theory
|
The belief that whenever the level of stimulation dips below an organism’s optimal level, the organism seeks ways of increasing it.
|
|
avoidance motivation
|
The motive or desire to avoid failure.
|
|
Cannon-Bard theory
|
The belief that emotional and physiological reactions to triggering stimuli occur almost simultaneously.
|
|
display rules
|
Cultural customs and norms that govern the display of emotional expressions.
|
|
drive
|
A state of bodily tension, such as hunger or the thirst, that arises from an unmet need.
|
|
drive reduction
|
Satisfaction of a drive.
|
|
drive theory
|
The belief that behavior is motivated by drives that arise from biological needs that demand satisfaction.
|
|
dual-pathway model of fear
|
LeDoux’s theory that the brain uses two pathways (a “high road” and a “low road”) to process fear messages.
|
|
Duchenne smile
|
A genuine smile that involves contraction of a particular set of facial muscles.
|
|
emotional intelligence
|
The ability to recognize emotions in yourself and others and to manage your own emotions effectively.
|
|
emotions
|
Feeling states that psychologists view as having physiological, cognitive, and behavioral components.
|
|
extrinsic motivation
|
Motivation reflecting a desire for external rewards, such as wealth or the respect of others.
|
|
facial-feedback hypothesis
|
The belief that mimicking facial movements associated with a particular emotion will produce the corresponding emotional state.
|
|
gender identity
|
The psychological sense of maleness or femaleness.
|
|
gender roles
|
The cultural expectations imposed on men and women to behave in ways deemed appropriate for their gender.
|
|
hierarchy of needs
|
Maslow’s concept that there is an order to human needs, which starts with basic biological needs and progresses to self-actualization.
|
|
incentive theory
|
The belief that our attraction to particular goals or objects motivates much of our behavior.
|
|
incentive value
|
The strength of the “pull” of a goal or reward.
|
|
incentives
|
Rewards or other stimuli that motivate us to act.
|
|
instinct theory
|
The belief that behavior is motivated by instinct.
|
|
instinctive behaviors
|
Genetically programmed, innate patterns of response that are specific to members of a particular species.
|
|
intrinsic motivation
|
Motivation reflecting a de sire for internal gratification, such as the self-satisfaction derived from accomplishing a particular goal.
|
|
James-Lange theory
|
The belief that emotions occur after people become aware of their physiological responses to the triggering stimuli.
|
|
lateral hypothalamus
|
A part of the hypothalamus involved in initiating, or “turning on”, eating.
|
|
motivation
|
Factors that activate, direct, and sustain goal-directed behavior.
|
|
motives
|
Needs or wants that drive goal-directed behavior.
|
|
need
|
A state of de privation or deficiency.
|
|
need for achievement
|
The need to excel in one’s endeavors.
|
|
performance anxiety
|
Anxiety experienced in performance situations stemming from a fear of negative evaluation of one’s ability to perform.
|
|
primary drives
|
Innate drives, such as hunger, thirst, and sexual desire, that arise from basic biological needs.
|
|
psychosocial needs
|
Needs that reflect interpersonal aspects of motivation, such as the need for friend ship or achievement.
|
|
secondary drives
|
Drives that are learned or acquired through experience, such as the drive to achieve monetary wealth.
|
|
self-actualization
|
The motive that drives individuals to express their unique capabilities and fulfill their potentials.
|
|
set point theory
|
The belief that brain mechanisms regulate body weight around a genetically predetermined “set point.”
|
|
sexual dysfunctions
|
Persistent or recurrent problems with sexual interest, arousal, or response.
|
|
sexual orientation
|
The directionality of one’s erotic interests.
|
|
sexual response cycle
|
The term used by Masters and Johnson to refer to the characteristic stages of physiological response to sexual stimulation.
|
|
stimulus motives
|
Internal states that prompt inquisitive, stimulation-seeking, and exploratory behavior.
|
|
two-factor model
|
The theory that emotions involve two factors: a state of general arousal and a cognitive interpretation (or labeling) of the causes of the arousal.
|
|
vasocongestion
|
Swelling of tissues with blood, a process that accounts for penile erection and vaginal lubrication during sexual arousal.
|
|
ventromedial hypothalamus
|
A part of the hypothalamus involved in regulating feelings of satiety.
|