Psyc100: Chapter 1 Terms

Front 1

psychology

Back 1

the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Front 2

pseudopsychologies

Back 2

only give the appearance of science

i.e. psychics, palmistry, psychometry, psychokinesis, astrology, etc.

Front 3

"father of psychology"

Back 3

Wilhelm WUNDT

Front 4

introspection

Back 4

involved monitoring/reporting on conscious experiments

Front 5

structuralism

Back 5

identify building blocks of mental life through introspection

determine how they combine to form the whole of experience

Front 6

why structuralism failed as a working psychological approach

Back 6

introspection can't be used to study animals, children, or complex mental disorders

Front 7

functionalism

Back 7

how the mind functions to adapt humans & other animals to their environment

Front 8

functionalism was strongly influenced by ____________'s theory of ____________.

Back 8

Charles Darwin

evolution

Front 9

psychoanalysis is based on __________'s theory that many psychological problems are caused by conflicts between "acceptable" and "unacceptable" unconscious __________ or __________ motives

Back 9

Freud's

sexual, aggressive

Front 10

behavioral perspective

Back 10

emphasizes objective, observable environmental influences on overt behavior

Front 11

behavioral perspective is ________ introspection

Back 11

against

Front 12

behaviorism's founder, Watson, adopted Pavlov's concept of ________ to explain behavior as a result of observable stimuli and responses

Back 12

conditioning

Front 13

humanistic perspective

Back 13

emphasizes free will and self-actualization

voluntary behavior and a state of self-fulfillment

Front 14

Rogers & Maslow (humanists) believe that all individuals naturally ______

Back 14

strive to develop and go towards self-fulfillment

Front 15

cognitive perspective

Back 15

how we gather, encode, and store information

mental processes: perception, memory, imagery, concept formation, problem solving, reasoning, decision making, language

Front 16

neuroscientific/biopsychological

Back 16

basically examining behavior through genetics and biological processes in the brain and the nervous system

Front 17

evolutionary perspective

Back 17

stresses natural selection, adaptation, and evolution of behavior and mental processes

Front 18

sociocultural perspective

Back 18

social interactions and cultural factors behind behavior and mental processes

Front 19

7 contemporary MAJOR perspectives

Back 19

1. psychoanalytic/psychodynamic
2. behaviorist
3. humanist
4. cognitive
5. neuroscientific/biopsychological
6. evolutionary
7. sociocultural

Front 20

biopsychosocial model

Back 20

widely accepted, unifying theme of modern psych

biological processes, psychological factors, and social forces as interrelated, inseparable influences

Front 21

basic research

Back 21

conducted in research laboratories

meets first 3 goals of psych:
description, explanation, prediction

Front 22

applied research

Back 22

outside the lab

meets 4th goal of psych:
change existing real-world problems

Front 23

meta-analysis

Back 23

with contradictory findings, combining results of all studies to reach conclusions about overall weight of evidence

Front 24

steps of scientific method

Back 24

1. literature review
2. testable hypothesis, operationally defined
3. research design
4. statistical analysis
5. peer-reviewed scientific journal
6. theory

Front 25

literature review

Back 25

read what's already been published (in major scientific journals) on the subject

Front 26

testable hypothesis, operationally defined

Back 26

testable hypothesis: specific prediction about how 1 factor/variable is related to another

variables have to be
operationally defined: stated precisely and in measurable terms

Front 27

research design

Back 27

chooses best r.d. to test hypothesis and collect data

i.e. naturalistic observation, case study, survey, experiment, etc.

Front 28

statistical analysis

Back 28

on raw data to find whether results support/reject hypothesis

organize, summarize, interpret numerical data

Front 29

peer-reviewed scientific journal

Back 29

writes up study and results and submits it to peer-reviewed scientific journal
to ask other scientists to critically evaluate it
basis for publication

Front 30

theory

Back 30

after 1+ studies on it, researchers generally advance a theory to explain the results
can lead to new/different hypothesis and new methods of inquiry

Front 31

informed consent

Back 31

participant should know nature of the study, including physical risks, discomfort, or unpleasant emotional experiences

Front 32

T/F

participants cannot withdraw after research has begun.

Back 32

F

they are free to decline to participate or withdraw at any time

Front 33

when deception is used in certain research areas, participants must be _______ at the end of the experiment.

Back 33

debriefed

Front 34

the Barnum Effect

Back 34

making things widely relatable

"there's something here for everybody"

Front 35

4 major types of psychological research

Back 35

1. experimental
2. descriptive
3. correlational
4. biological