Psyc Test #3

Front 1

What is intelligence?

Back 1

The ability to solve problems; adapt to and learn from experiences

Front 2

What are some problems with defining intelligence?

Back 2

It can not be directly measured

Front 3

Is intelligence relatively stable, unstable, or both throughout life?

Back 3

It is a combination of both, it is relatively dynamic and flexible

Front 4

What are some genetic factors that influence intelligence

Back 4

Between 50-60% inherited from parents, IQ is better measured based off biological parents

Front 5

Crystallized intelligence

Back 5

Intelligence that you have gained through life experience, facts and formulas (book smarts)

Front 6

Fluid intelligence

Back 6

Intelligence based on abstract thinking and problem solving (street smarts)

Front 7

How does crystallized intelligence differ from fluid intelligence throughout a lifespan?

Back 7

Fluid intelligence declines with age, crystallized intelligence improves

Front 8

Seattle Longitudinal Study on intelligence results

Back 8

We gain intelligence until ago 40, stabilize through age 60, and experience a terminal drop at age 70

Front 9

What is language?

Back 9

A form of communication based on a set of symbols

Front 10

What forms might language take?

Back 10

Spoken, written, or signed

Front 11

Phonology

Back 11

Sound system, basic unit of sound

Front 12

Morphology

Back 12

Unit of meaning, tense, prefix, suffix, possession (add on endings and beginnings like ed and ing)

Front 13

Syntax

Back 13

Combination of words in an acceptable form (forming a sentence with words to make sense)

Front 14

Semantics

Back 14

Meaning of words (definitions)

Front 15

Pragmatics

Back 15

Appropriate use of certain words in culture (Such as addressing a married woman as Mrs)

Front 16

What are some brain structures that affect language?

Back 16

Left hemisphere, broca's area, and wernicke's area

Front 17

What is Language Activation Device?

Back 17

Theory that around age 2 a "switch" gets turned on and they begin talking

Front 18

Evidence for LAD

Back 18

It is universal in children worldwide

Front 19

What is a universal linguist?

Back 19

All infants before 6mo can distinguish between phonemes of all languages

Front 20

Behavioral viewpoint on language

Back 20

We learn language by hearing others speak

Front 21

What is temperament?

Back 21

Individual’s behavioral style and characteristic way of emotional response

Front 22

Easy child temperament

Back 22

positive mood; quickly establishes routines; adapts easily to new experiences

Front 23

Slow-to-warm child temperament

Back 23

low activity level; somewhat negative; shows low adaptability; displays low-intensity mood

Front 24

Difficult child temperament

Back 24

reacts negatively; cries frequently; has irregular routines; slow to accept new experiences

Front 25

What is behavioral inhibition?

Back 25

Inhibition shows considerable stability from infancy through early childhood

Front 26

Goodness of fit

Back 26

Match between child’s temperament and environmental demands (Nature & Nurture)

Front 27

How do we define emotion?

Back 27

Feeling or affect in a state or interaction characterized by

Behavioral expression

Conscious experience

Physiological arousal

Front 28

What parts of emotion appear to be culturally universal?

Back 28

Facial expressions of basic emotions

Front 29

What parts of emotion do not appear to be culturally universal?

Back 29

When where and how to express emotions

Front 30

Emotion regulation

Back 30

Effectively managing arousal to adapt and reach a goal

Front 31

How does emotion regulation develop?

Back 31

An infant has no emotional regulation, their emotions reflect their biological needs. Children develop emotion regulation based off what their parents expect, children base it off their peers, adults generally conform to society when it comes to regulating their emotions

Front 32

Infant emotions

Back 32

Smiling is reflexive, primary emotions are biological,

Front 33

Toddler emotions

Back 33

Stranger anxiety, children may read others emotions to decide how to react esp their mother,

Front 34

How do emotions develop in middle childhood?

Back 34

Increased ability to understand emotions, better able to conceal emotions, understanding that more then one emotion can be experienced at once, use their own strategies to redirect feelings

Front 35

Social referencing

Back 35

“Reading” emotional cues in others to help determine how to act in a specific situation

Front 36

What are an adolescences emotions like?

Back 36

Emotional changes instantly occur with little provocation, Emotions can be intensely sad or happy

Girls more vulnerable to depression

Adolescent moodiness is normal

Hormonal changes and environmental experiences involved in changing emotions
Emotionality tied to stress, eating patterns, sexual activity, and social relationships

Front 37

Difference between adolescence and adult emotions

Back 37

Adolescences are more likely to report themselves as more happy then their parents report.

Front 38

How do middle age and older adults experience emotions?

Back 38

More emotionally intelligent, they have better control over their emotions,

Front 39

Do older adults experience more positive or negative emotions?

Back 39

Positive

Front 40

Socioemotional selectivity theory

Back 40

Older adults become more selective about their social networks as they feel their time in life is running out. Young people want to maximize their knowledge and social circle, older adults just want to have emotional satisfaction

Front 41

What is personality?

Back 41

Personality is broad dispositions or traits that tend to produce characteristic responses

Front 42

Trait and situation determined personality

Back 42

The influence that external settings or circumstances have on the expression of personality traits.

Front 43

Big 5 personality traits

Back 43

Openness, Conscientiousness, Extroversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism

Front 44

Openness

Back 44

Imaginative vs. Practical, Variety vs. routine, independent vs. conforming

Front 45

Conscientiousness

Back 45

Organized vs. disorganized, careful vs. careless, disciplined vs. impulsive

Front 46

Extroversion

Back 46

Sociable vs. retiring, fun-loving vs. somber, affectionate vs. reserved

Front 47

Agreeableness

Back 47

Softhearted vs. ruthless, trusting vs. suspicious, helpful vs. uncooperative

Front 48

Neuroticism

Back 48

Calm vs. anxious, secure vs. insecure

Front 49

Is personality characterized by more stability, more change, or by both as a person gets older?

Back 49

Both

Front 50

Personality traits that increase mortality

Back 50

Neuroticism

Front 51

At what age does personality stabilize?

Back 51

Age 30

Front 52

Attachment

Back 52

Close emotional bond between two people

Front 53

What is the strange situation?

Back 53

Measure of an infants attachment to their caregiver where the infant moves through a series of introductions, separations, and reunions

Front 54

Securely attached child

Back 54

Caregiver is secure base to explore environment from

Front 55

Insecure avoidant attached child

Back 55

Shows insecurity by avoiding the caregiver

Front 56

Insecure resistant child

Back 56

Clings to caregiver, then resists by fighting against the closeness

Front 57

Insecure disorganized child

Back 57

Shows insecurity by being disorganized, disoriented

Front 58

The significance of attachment in infancy to adulthood

Back 58

Secure attachment in first year is important foundation for psychological development

Front 59

Mothers behavior to produce secure infant attachment

Back 59

Sensitive to signals, available

Front 60

Mothers behavior to produce avoidant infant attachment

Back 60

Unavailable or rejecting

Front 61

Mothers behavior to produce resistance infant attachment

Back 61

Inconsistent

Front 62

Mothers behavior to produce disorganized infant attachment

Back 62

Neglect or physical abuse

Front 63

Attachment to parents in adolescence and how it reflects future relationships

Back 63

Secure attachment to both parents positively related to peer and friendship relations.

Dismissing/avoidant attachment: de-emphasize
importance due to caregiver rejection. Linked to aggression.

Preoccupied/ambivalent attachment: insecure adolescent due to inconsistent parenting (seek attachment with others mixed with anger, jealousy, high conflict with parents)

Unresolved/disorganized attachment: insecure adolescent, high fear due to traumatic experiences (death or abuse)

Front 64

Characteristics of an adult in a secure relationship

Back 64

positive view of relationships, easy to get close, not stressed by relationship, committed relationship, enjoy sexuality, less likely to have one-night stands (60-80%)

Front 65

Characteristics of an adult in an avoidant relationship

Back 65

hesitant about getting into romantic relationships, distance themselves from partners, likely one-night stands for men, difficult to get close, greater likelihood of depression

Front 66

Characteristics of an adult in an anxious relationship

Back 66

demand closeness, less trusting, often jealous, emotional, possessive, likely one-night stands for women, greater likelihood of depression

Front 67

What are some environmental influences on intelligence?

Back 67

If a child is told they are not smart that's what they will live up to. If they are given stimulation as a baby it can help their intelligence, IQ scores are increasing every year worldwide (flynn effect)

Front 68

NPR study

Back 68

Children who believe their intelligence is fixed grade's will not improve, children who believe their intelligence can grow and improve had improved grades. If you give a child a growth mindset they will live up to it.

Front 69

Biological and environmental influences on temperament development

Back 69

Gender may have something to do with temperament, a parent must not structure a child to act one way or another.