Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
psychological disorders
|
harmful thoughts, feelings, and actions. deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional
|
|
|
anxiety disorders
|
generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobias, OCD, PTSD
|
|
|
dissociative disorders
|
conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories, thoughts & feelings
|
|
|
mood disorders
|
disorders altering the state of mood
|
|
|
generalized anxiety disorder
|
persistent tenseness/apprehension, autonomic arousal, inability to identify cause of certain feelings
|
|
|
panic disorder
|
episodes of intense dread, including feelings of terror, chest pains, choking, etc.
|
|
|
phobias
|
irrational fear of an object or situation that disrupts behavior
|
|
|
OCD
|
persistence of unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and urges to engage in senseless rituals (compulsions)
|
|
|
PTSD
|
haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, sleep problems
|
|
|
dissociative identity disorder (DID)
|
two or more distinct personalities
|
|
|
major depressive disorder
|
lethargy, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness, etc.
|
|
|
bipolar disorder
|
depressive and manic symptoms alternating with mood
|
|
|
schizophrenia
|
disorganized, delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, inappropriate emotions and actions
|
|
|
positive symptoms (schizo)
|
presence of inappropriate behaviors
|
|
|
negative symptoms (schizo)
|
absence of appropriate behaviors (expressionless face, rigid bodies)
|
|
|
abnormal brain activity
|
in frontal cortex, thalamus, and amygdala in schizophrenia patients
|
|
|
viral infection
|
schizophrenia is observed in patients who contracted the flu during the middle of their fetal development
|
|
|
antisocial personality disorder
|
person exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward family and friends
|
|
|
psychoanalysis
|
dealving into unconscious, trying to understand problematic behaviors
|
|
|
psychoanalysis aims
|
bring repressed feelings into conscious awareness
|
|
|
psychoanalysis methods
|
free association, patients lie on couch and speak what comes to mind
|
|
|
psychoanalysis resistance
|
important in analysis, stuttering or making jokes translates into resistance of a specific topic
|
|
|
transference
|
developing feelings (positive/negative) towards therapist
|
|
|
humanistic therapies
|
aim to boost self-fulfilment by helping people grow in self-awareness and acceptance
|
|
|
client-centered therapy
|
therapist listens to needs of patient in an accepting way
|
|
|
active listening
|
echoes, restates, and clarifies the patient's thinking, acknowledging expressed feelings
|
|
|
behavior therapy
|
therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors
|
|
|
counterconditioning
|
conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors
|
|
|
exposure therapy
|
exposing patient to fears and things they avoid to help them get over the fear
|
|
|
systematic desensitization
|
OCD video-making the lady touch things she believed to be "dirty"
|
|
|
aversive conditioning
|
associates unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior (drinking, nausea)
|
|
|
cognitive therapy
|
goal is to change the way patient thinks, promote self-serving bias
|
|
|
Beck's therapy for depression
|
try to understand underlying reasons as to why a patient feels a certain way, brought by gently asking questions
|
|
|
cognitive-behavior therapy
|
aims to alter the way people act (behavior therapy) and alter the way they think (cognitive therapy)
|
|
|
group & family therapy
|
helpful for PTSD, alcoholics, eating disorders, and bulimic patients
|
|
|
The Relative Effectiveness of Different Therapies
|
depression- therapy
anxiety- cognition, exposure bulimia- cognitive-behavior phobia- behavior bed wetting- behavior modification |
|
|
antipsychotic drugs
|
remove a number of symptoms associated with positive symptoms of schizophrenia
|
|
|
atypical antipsychotic drugs
|
blocks receptors for dopamine & serotonin to remove the negative symptoms of schizophrenia
|
|
|
antianxiety drugs
|
depress CNS and reduce anxiety and tension
|
|
|
antidepressant drugs
|
improve mood by elevating levels of serotonin by inhibiting reuptake
|
|
|
mood stabilizing medications
|
lithium carbonate (salt) is used to stabilize manic episodes in bipolar disorder
|
|
|
brain stimulation
|
helps with depression
|
|
|
ECT
|
used for severely depressed patients who don't respond to drugs
|
|
|
central route persuasion
|
when people are naturally analytical, involved with the issue
|
|
|
peripheral route
|
faster, doesn't engage in systematic thinking
|
|
|
foor-in-the-door phenomenon
|
the tendency to comply with a larger request after completing a smaller one
|
|
|
role playing affects attitudes
|
at first feel like an imposter, but then gains confidence
|
|
|
Zimbardo's prison study
|
students were assigned roles (guards & prisoners) and quickly took on the role as if it were real life
|
|
|
cognitive dissonance
|
when actions and attitude are opposed, we tend to change our attitudes to match our actions
|
|
|
Chameleon Effect
|
adjusting one's behavior/thinking to coincide with the group standard
|
|
|
Milgram's obedience study
|
outsider will start to agree with the rest of group even if he is confident that he's right and their wrong--to go with group norm
|
|
|
Conditions that Strengthen Conformity
|
-One is made to feel imcompetent
-Group has at least 3 people -Group is unanimous -One admires group's status/attractiveness -One has no prior commitment to a response -Group observes one's behavior -One's culture strongly encourages respect for a social standard |
|
|
social facilitation
|
improved performance on a task that your already good at if others are watching;doing worse on something your not strong in while others watch
|
|
|
social loafing
|
tendency of individual to exert less effort in group project
|
|
|
deindividuation
|
loss of self-awareness in group situations that foster arousal/anonymity
|
|
|
group polarization
|
enhances a group's prevailing attitudes through a discussion
|
|
|
prejudice
|
unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members
|
|
|
social inequality
|
prejudice develops when one group has power and another does not
|
|
|
social theory
|
prejudice provides by having someone to blame
|
|
|
the just-world phenomenon
|
tendency to believe people get what they deserve and deserve what they get
|
|
|
hindsight bias
|
after learning outcome, we believe that we could have predicted it beforehand
|
|
|
aggression
|
can be any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt and destroy
|
|
|
genetic influences
|
animals can be bred for it, aggression may genetic
|
|
|
neural influences
|
limbic system (amygdala/frontal lobe) involved with aggression
|
|
|
environmental influences
|
crime increases with temperature, annoyances, etc.
|
|
|
learning influences
|
when aggression leads to desired outcome, we do it
|
|
|
pornography and sexual aggression
|
porn increases aggression, makes it seem more normal
|
|
|
proximity
|
geographic nearness is a powerful predictor of friendship
|
|
|
mere exposure effect
|
repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases attraction
|
|
|
physical attractiveness
|
next most important thing in attraction
|
|
|
similarity
|
similar views among people cause bonds to strengthen arousal and attraction
|
|
|
passionate love
|
aroused state of intense positive absorption (beginning of relationship)
|
|
|
companionate love
|
deep, affectionate attachment, including equity and self-disclosure
|
|
|
altruism
|
unselfish regard for the welfare of others
|
|
|
bystander effect
|
the more bystanders there are, the less likely anyone will help
|
|
|
conflict
|
perceived as an incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas
|
|
|
enemy perceptions
|
people in conflict form diabolical images of one another
|
|
|
cooperation
|
works well when people are working toward the same goal
|
|
|
superordinate goals
|
shared goals that override differences among people, require both parties cooperation
|
