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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Personality define |
Consistent patterns I'd thoughts, feelings, and behaviours that define us across different situation and across time |
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Idiographic approach to personality |
Understand specific personality characteristics that make a person UNIQUE |
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Nomothetic approach |
Mathematically revel core traits that allow us to categorize personality traits |
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Gordon allport |
Generated list of many adjectives and group them together to form categories |
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The Barnum effect |
Any personality can fit us |
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Bertram forers study |
Everyone got same personality and rated it 4.25/5 for accuracy |
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Raymond cattell |
Studied peoples response to personality questionnaires using factor analysis Reduced personality into 16 categories |
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Five factor model |
1. Openness 2. Conscientiousness 3. Extraversion 4. Agreeableness 5. Neuroticism |
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Openness |
High = love new experiences, creative, unconstrained by society views |
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Conscientiousness |
High = reliable, organized, structured, well planned Low = flexible, go with flow, messy, |
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Neuroticism |
High = emotionally unstable Low = emotionally controlled, handle stress well, healthy self esteem |
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Theodore adorne |
authoritaian personality (US vs THEM) High= dominate, cling to their belief |
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Robert altemeyer |
Right wing authoritarianism |
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Right wing authoritarianism |
1. Blindly follow orders 2. Favour aggressive methods for suppressing rule breakers 3. Existing structure of society should be maintained at ALL cost |
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Hexaco model of personality |
Emphasizes honesty-humility dimension |
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The dark triad |
1. Narcissism (selfish) 2. Machiavelliansim (exploit others) 3. Psychopathy (lack emotions/fear) |
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Temperament |
Differences in baby behaviour patterns |
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3 year old temperament |
1. Well adjusted 2. Under control (impulsive, emotionally unstable) 3. Inhibited (fearful of stranger) |
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Under control babys |
Have externalizing (fighting) and internalizing (crying, anxiety) behaviours adulthood = more major conflicts |
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Inhibited babies |
Had internalizing behaviours |
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Emotional and behaviour states |
Situation where our states change I.e. peaceful people can still get mad |
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Albert bandura |
Social cognitive theory of personality -reciprocal determinism (personality is a combination of things) |
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Reciprocal determinism |
Personality/behaviour based on 1. History of rewards and punishments 2. Internal thiughts/personal characteristics 3. External factors based on current situation |
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WEIRD CULTURE |
Western, Educated, Industrial, Rich, Democratic |
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Chinese native speaker 4 core personality |
1. Dependability (neuoticism) 2. Social potency (extraversion) 3. Individualism (agreeableness) 4. Interpersonal relatedness (Maintain social harmony and respect traditions) |
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Essentializing |
Taking small average differences between groups and blowing them up |
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Collectivistic vs indivudialtic cultures |
Collectivistic (Asian) defined by relationship to others, accomplishment achieve due to the help if others Individualtic (north American) |
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Genetic influences on personality |
Play a large roll! Much more important then environment growing up |
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Humourism |
Personality and illness based on 4 main body fluids |
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Phrenology |
Bumps on head determined personality |
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Hansen eysenck |
Arousal theory of exterverson (Extroverts require more stimuli to be aroused) |
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The ascending reticular activating system |
More active to lower level stimulus for introverts then extroverts |
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Men higher in what core personailtit |
Openness (but difference is so small it shouldn't be noted |
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Jeffery gray's approach/inhibition model of behavior |
1. Behavioural inhibition system (Biological system for responding to danger and punishment) 2. Behavioural activation systems (Response to rewards, controls arousal in pursuit of goals) |
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Psychodynamic theory |
Sigmund Freud - Conscious outside make up a small part of our ideas - Unconscious "discovered" by Freud |
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Psychological problem according to Freud |
Causes by conflict between conscious and unconscious control |
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Id |
Driven by sex and aggression Driven by the libido Follows pleasure principle |
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Superego |
Generates uncomfortable feeling when we do or think something wrong Or gives up pleasure when did something right *driven by anxiey* |
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Ego |
Choses between I'd and Superego Must be clever to keep both happy |
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Defenceman mechanisms of ego |
1. Rationalize 2. Displacement 3. Identification 4. Projection 5. Reaction formation 6. Sublimation |
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Rationize |
Justify why doing something selfish might be morally acceptable |
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Displacement |
Doing something less selfish (punch wall not person) |
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Identification |
Borrow qualities from people "better" than us to prevent insecurities |
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Projection |
Thinking others have same flaws to prevent guilt |
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Reaction formation |
Reduced anxiety from possessing a morally unacceptable impulse by re-interpreting it as the opposite E.g. "I'm so mad" to "No im glad your going" |
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Sublimation |
Anxiety from impulse get expressed as socially noble or acceptable acts |
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Fixation (Freuds psychosexual stages) |
Consequence of failing to resolve central crisis at any stage resulting in dysfunctional behaviour |
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freuds psychosexual stages |
1. Oral stage (0-18 month) 2. Anal stage (2-3yr) 3. Phallic stage (3-6yr) 4. Latency stage (6-13) 5. Genital stage (13+) |
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Oral stage |
Id focused on oral gratification Fixation: long term oral problems (e.g. shy, alcoholic, ect.) |
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Anal stage |
2-3yrs Id focused on elimination of waste Fixation = anal explosive (Id) or anal retential too organized (superego) |
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Phallic stage |
3-6yrs Focused on sexual gratification through genitals Main goal: maintain secure relationship with parent s Fixation: too selfish or too selfless in adulthood 1. Castration anxiety 2. Oedipus complex 3. Penis envy |
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Latency stage |
Personality development takes an intermission |
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Genital stage |
Id wants to satisfy sexual urges Main challenge: finding appropriate ways to expresses those urges Fixation: too promiscuous or sexually repressed as adult |
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Penis envy |
Girls also attracted sexually to mom but have no penis to compete with father Leads women to try and compete and dominate over males |
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Castration anxiety |
Boys think dad cut off moms penis and fears the same |
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Free association |
Freud say a word, client say first word that popped into their mind Tapping into their unconscious |
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Projective test |
Presenting something vague to client and have them provid interpretation |
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Examples of projection tests |
1. The roschach inkblock test (explain random ink splots) 2. The thematic apperception test (tell story based on imagine) |
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Carl Jung |
Analytical psychology Unconscious mind consists of 1. Personal unconcious (Id, ect.) 2. Collective unconcious (knowledge from distant ancesters) |
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Analytical psychology |
Personality include archetypes that originate from past ancestry (mother, father, shadow, hero) |
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Alfredo adler |
Studied inferiority complex |
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Inferiority complex |
Children who cant develop independence become adults who feel inferior These unconscious feeling can result in overcompensating behaviour |
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Karen Horney |
Womb envy Boys jealous of pregnancy/breastfeeding Causes men to want to dominate and control women and explains their lack of interest in rising children |
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Humanistic psychology |
Human are uniquely designed to seek out love and fulfillment through work with others and helping others |
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Carl Roger's |
Person centered perspective |
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Person centered perspective |
Everyone is good and just needs support and encouragement to reach self-actualization |
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Self actualization |
Fully develop own special talent and achieve complete satisfaction according to unique personal abilities and interest Aware if flaws but confident in who they are |
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Martin seligman and the positive psychology movement |
Humanistic idea also means fulfilling ones personal goals and potential NOT just being free of pain and despair |