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13 Cards in this Set
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Who created the positive psychology movement? What are some of his philosophies? |
Martin Seligman: - he promoted personality strengths not just problems - not just fixing what is broken but nurturing what is best - PERMA: positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning & purpose, accomplishment - strengths include both personal and environmental resources - mental health is different form mental illness |
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What is the basis of positive psychology theories and interventions? |
a) broaden and build upon positive emotions - positive isnt just the absence of the negative - broaden thought-action repertoire to get rid of negative tunnel vision - create spirals of well-being b) positive psych therapies/interventions - QOL therapy- emphasizes pursuit of life goals - Well-being therapy (Ryff) - mastery, personal growth, autonomy, acceptance, and positive relationships |
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In contrast ot traditional CBT, positive psych... |
assumes certain ideals and values. For ex. Seligmans aspirations for living include a life that is pleasant, engaged, meaningful It is interesting that positive psychology has no hesitation in assuming moral positions about how to live. Does that diminish its claim to scientific statussince it moves field from descriptive to proscriptive statements in violationof Hume’s Law of easily moving from the “what is” to the “what ought to be.” |
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Positive psychology & the working world: do happy employees matter? What is POB? |
study found that positive psych interventions improved well-being +self-efficacy of employees, not impact on improving negative emotions, and very little support for it helping productivity - Q12 a survey measuring clarity of expectations, supervisor caring, opportunities for growth etc (Clifton) is said to correlate with companies financial success POB= positive organizational behaviour - 3 variables (positivity , hope, resilience), may be related to productivity and success Hope= motivational state upon integrating sense of agency and pathways (conceptualizing ways to obtain goals) Optimism: attributional style that explains positive events as personal, permanent and pervasive and negative events as external, temporary, and situation-specific . this was more related to objective measures of success than the other two Resilience : developable capacity to rebound form adversity, conflict, failure |
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Workplace interventions: describe "increasing psychological capital," "demand and control," "model of job designing," and "meaning of work" |
Increasing psychological capital (Luthans): - increasing hope, optimism, resilience & self-efficacy - results in more motivated employees who are engaged and effective at coping with set-backs Demand and Control (Karasek): - You want a higher level of job demans (not bored) but also high level of employee control, supporting autonomy (Ford cars screw in line) - mitigates against stress and increases confidence Model of job designing (Oldham): - responsibility for outcome of job so that always aware of results - your work contributes to something larger than you and you are very aware of this thing Meaning of Work (Wrzesniewski): - job (for money, day-to-day) vs career (self-identity, commitment and planning) vs calling (meaning to life, high involvement) |
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Workplace interventions: describe " Promoting accomplishment," "recognition," "gratitude interventions," and "the 5 Cs" |
Promoting Accomplishment: - inherent joy of striving and acheiving Recognition: - from supervisors, co-workers, & culture Gratitude intervention (Emmons & McCollough): - by paying more attention to them or providing events to encourage them - diaries of good experiences, workplace fun days 5 C's (Michel & Neuman): - caring, connecting, committing, communicating, celebrating - promoting healthy relationships and rewarding success |
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Workplace interventions: describe "Positive deviance," Appreciative inquiry," "strengths theory," and "solution focused coaching" |
Positive Deviance: identifying and building on unusual individual solutions that can be used to tackle institutional problems Appreciative inquiry (Coperrider): - involving everyone to participate in solving problems - increase individual involvement, solutions more likely to be adopted by workers Strengths Theory (Clifton!): - Design jobs to match strengths and abilities of worker - nourishing strengths is separate form remediating weaknesses Solution Focused Coaching (Grant): - training in problem solving |
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What does it mean that we are in an "integration period?" |
the relative emphasis on the commonality of all disorders and their relative treatments. |
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What is Zimbardos perspective? |
Zimbardo argues that our sense of time is the essential ingredient in all psychological process from impulsivity to conscientiousness. Our judgment of time with the emphasis upon either the past, present or the future influences all our decisions and highlights the qualities of any situation. Despite its importance, most of us are consciously unaware of the effect that time plays in our lives–hence the paradox. To quote Zimbardo, we are like fish who are completely unaware that their lives exist in the context of water. |
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How is time partitioned in Zimbardos theory? |
He argues that our time perspectives should be flexible and tailored to the given situation. However,he warns against being driven by past negative and present fatalism. |
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What is Barlow's transdiagnostic approach? |
Barlow argues that there is a common core process of emotional dysregulation in patients presenting with a variety of problems includingOCD, social anxiety, panic etc), depression and even anger. There is a common threat–namely, a process of experiential avoidance or the unwillingness of a person to remain in contact with sensations, feelings, thoughts that are upsetting. It is argued that this avoidance causes, or at the very least, maintains the problem. |
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Barlow says that there is a commonality among diseases and symptoms. What is the evidence for this? What is the underlying model he purports?
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What’s the evidence for this commonality: -‐high co-‐morbidity across diagnostic groups -‐shared difficulties in problem solving resulting in rumination or avoidance -‐anxious apprehensive about thefuture Underlying model= interaction between 3 types of variables: - heritable or biological perhaps reflected in temperaments - generalized psych vulnerability based on early experiences - more individual vulnerability that causes ppl to focus upon specific stimuli or situations |
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Go to the lecture notes. Be able to name several items in each column of the Unified treatment chart (class 11, pg 4,5): general psych principles, those CBT interventions that can be applied to any disorder, those more specific to emotional regulation |
For ex.: 1: model to explain symptoms, rationale, case examples, 2: self monitoring, SMART, problem solving 3: education (all fears are adaptive) , acceptance, mindfulness, cog avoidance (distraction, Barlow wouldnt like this) |
