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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a substance that keeps a person going mentally and physically |
stimulant |
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cocaine and amphetamine are ____ stimulants |
restricted |
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caffeine and nicotine are ____ ____ stimulants |
readily available |
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cocaine comes from a bush found in the |
Andes mountains |
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natives of the andes used cocaine by ___ it |
chewing |
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cocaine was an important part of ___ culture |
inca |
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angelo mariani invented _______, a cocoa leaf extract found in lozenges, tea, and wine |
cocoa wine |
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Freud studied cocaine as a treatment for ____ and ____ dependence. called the "magical drug" |
depression, morphine |
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cocoa leaves + organic solvent = |
cocaine synthesis |
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Crude extract created duringthe manufacture of cocaine. Can be mixed with tobaccoand smoked |
cocoa paste |
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most common form of cocaine. stable water-soluble salt |
cocaine hydrochloride |
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most dangerous form of cocaine that is prepared as a chemical base, heated and the vapors are inhaled |
freebase cocaine |
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lumps of dried, smokable cocaine prepared by mixing cocaine with baking soda and water |
crack rock |
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each route of administration causes _____ effects
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same |
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____ of effects changes depending on the amount administered |
intensity |
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cocaine use began towards the end of the ___ |
60s |
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cocaine blocks reuptake of _____, _____ and _____ |
serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine |
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cocaine has a half life of _____ |
~50 minutes |
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cocaine + ethanol = |
cocaethylene |
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cocaine is metabolized by enzymes in the ___ and ____ |
blood and liver |
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major metabolites found in tox screens have a half life of |
8 hours |
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acute cocaine toxicity is caused by over stimulation of the CNS, which ultimately causes ___ or ___ arrest |
respiratory or cardiac |
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it is difficult to estimate the size of the ___ dose of cocaine because it varies among individuals |
lethal |
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a result of chronic nasal administration of cocaine is ____ psychosis
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paranoid |
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abused drugs activate ___ reinforcement mechanisms in the brain |
positive |
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____ of drug action is crucial for reinforcement |
immediacy |
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most abused drugs increase ___ levels within the _____ (NAS) |
dopamine, nucleus |
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behaviors that terminate aversive effects are ______ reinforced |
negatively |
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withdrawl symptoms that accompany drug-taking are usually ____- |
aversive |
