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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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MEMORY |
The retention of information or experience over time as the result of three key processes
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ENCODING |
The process by which information gets into memory storage
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DIVIDED ATTENTION
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concentrating on more than one activity at the same time
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SUSTAINED ATTENTION
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the ability to maintain attention to a selected stimulus for a prolonged period of time
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LEVELS OF PROCESSING
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a continuum of memory processing from shallow to intermediate to deep, with deeper processing producing better memory
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ELABORATION
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The formation of a number of different connections around a stimulus at a given level of memory encoding
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STORAGE
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The retention of info over time and how this info is represented in memory
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SHORT-TERM MEMORY
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Limited-capacity learning system in which information is usually retained for only as long as 30 seconds
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LONG-TERM MEMORY
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A permanent type of memory that stores huge amounts of info for a long time
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EXPLICIT MEMORY
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The conscience recollection of information
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EPISODIC MEMORY
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the retention of information about the where, when, and what of life's happenings
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SEMANTIC MEMORY
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A persons knowledge about the world
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IMPLICIT MEMORY
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memory in which behavior is affected by prior experience without a conscience recollection of that experience
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PROCEDURAL MEMORY
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memory for skills
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PRIMING
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The activation of information that people already have in storage to help them remember new info better and faster
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SCRIPT
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a schema for an event, often containing info about physical features, people, and typical occurrences
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CONNECTIONISM
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the theory that memory is stored throughout the brain in connections among neurons, several of which may work together to process a single memory
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RETRIEVAL
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the memory process that occurs when info that was retained in the memory comes out of storage
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SERIAL POSITION EFFECT
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The tendency to recall the items at the beginning and end of a list more than those in the middle
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AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL MEMORY
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A special form of episodic memory, consisting of a person's recollections of his or hers life experiences
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FLASHBULB MEMORY
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The memory of emotionally significant events that people often recall with more accuracy and vivid imagery than everyday events
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MOTIVATED FORGETTING
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Forgetting that occurs when something is so painful that remembering it is intolerable
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INTERFERENCE THEORY
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The theory that people forget not because memories are lost from storage but because other information gets in the way of what they want to remember
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PROACTIVE INTERFERENCE
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situation in which material that was learned earlier disrupts the recall of what was learned later
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RETROACTIVE INTERFERENCE
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situation in which material that was learned later disrupts the retrieval of info that was learned earlier
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DECAY THEORY
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Theory stating that when an individual learns something new, a neurochemical memory trace forms, but over time this trace disintegrates
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TIP-OF-THE-TONGUE PHENOMENON
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a type of effortful retrieval associated with a persons feelings the he/she knows something but cannot quite pull it out of memory
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RETROSPECTIVE MEMORY
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remembering information from the past
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PROSPECTIVE MEMORY
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remembering information about doing something in the future
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AMNESIA
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The loss of memory
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ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA
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A memory disorder that affects the retention of new information and events
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RETROGRADE AMNISIA
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Memory loss for a segment of the past but not for new events
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