Psyc 001, Unit 4, Chapter 12

Front 1

psychological disorders

Back 1

Disorders reflecting abnormalities of the mind.

Front 2

medical model

Back 2

The conceptualization of psychological abnormalities as diseases that, like biological diseases, have symptoms and causes and possible cures.

Front 3

DSM-IV-TR

Back 3

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition, Text Revision). A classification system that describes the features used to diagnose each recognized mental disorder and indicates how the disorder can be distinguished from other, similar problems.

Front 4

comorbidity

Back 4

The co-occurrence of two or more disorders in a single individual.

Front 5

diathesis-stress model

Back 5

A model suggesting that a person may be predisposed for a mental disorder that remains unexpressed until triggered by stress.

Front 6

anxiety disorder

Back 6

The class of mental disorder in which anxiety is the predominant feature.

Front 7

generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

Back 7

A disorder characterized by chronic excessive worry accompanied by three or more of the following symptoms: restlessness, fatigue, concentration problems, irritability, muscle tension, and sleep disturbance.

Front 8

panic disorder

Back 8

A disorder characterized by the sudden occurrence of multiple psychological and physiological symptoms that contribute to a feeling of stark terror.

Front 9

agoraphobia

Back 9

An extreme fear of venturing into public places.

Front 10

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Back 10

A disorder in which repetitive, intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and ritualistic behavior (compulsions) designed to fend off those thoughts interfere significantly with an individual's functioning.

Front 11

dissociative disorder

Back 11

A condition in which normal cognitive processes are severely disjointed and fragmented, creating significant disruptions in memory, awareness, or personality that can vary in length from a matter of minutes to many years.

Front 12

dissociative identity disorder (DID)

Back 12

The presence within an individual of two or more distinct identities that at different times take control of the individual's behavior.

Front 13

dissociative fugue

Back 13

The sudden loss of memory for one's personal history, accompanied by an abrupt departure from home and the assumption of a new identity.

Front 14

dissociative amnesia

Back 14

The sudden loss of memory for significant personal information.

Front 15

mood disorders

Back 15

Mental disorders that have mood disturbance as their predominant feature.

Front 16

major/unipolar depressive disorder

Back 16

A disorder characterized by a severely depressed mood that lasts two weeks or more and is accompanied by feelings of worthlessness and lack of pleasure, lethargy, and sleep and appetite disturbances.

Front 17

dysthymia

Back 17

A disorder that involves the same symptoms as in depression only less severe, but the symptoms last longer, persisting for at least 2 years.

Front 18

double depression

Back 18

A moderately depressed mood that persists for at least two years and is punctuated by periods of major depression.

Front 19

seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

Back 19

Depression that involves recurrent depressive episodes in a seasonal pattern.

Front 20

helplessness theory

Back 20

The idea that individuals who are prone to depression automatically attribute negative experiences to causes that are internal (i.e., their own fault), stable (i.e., unlikely to change), and global (i.e., widespread).

Front 21

bipolar disorder

Back 21

An unstable emotional condition characterized by cycles of abnormal, persistent high mood (mania) and low mood (depression).

Front 22

schizophrenia

Back 22

A disorder characterized by the profound disruption of basic psychological processes; a distorted perception of reality; altered or blunted emotion; and disturbances in thought, motivation, and behavior. Two or more of the following occur: delusion, hallucination, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized behavior or catatonic behavior, negative symptoms.

Front 23

delusion

Back 23

Symptom of schizophrenia. A patently false belief system, often bizarre and grandiose, that is maintained in spite of its irrationality.

Front 24

hallucination

Back 24

Symptom of schizophrenia. A false perceptual experience that has a compelling sense of being real despite the absence of external stimulation.

Front 25

disorganized speech

Back 25

Symptom of schizophrenia. A severe disruption of verbal communication in which ideas shift rapidly and incoherently from one to another unrelated topic.

Front 26

grossly disorganized behavior

Back 26

Symptom of schizophrenia. Behavior that is inappropriate for the situation or ineffective in attaining goals, often with specific motor disturbances.

Front 27

catatonic behavior

Back 27

Symptom of schizophrenia. A marked decrease in all movement or an increase in muscular rigidity and overactivity.

Front 28

negative symptoms (schizophrenia)

Back 28

Symptom of schizophrenia. Emotional and social withdrawal; apathy; poverty of speech; and other indications of the absence or insufficiency of normal behavior, motivation, and emotion.

Front 29

Three key elements for mental disorder

Back 29

Deviant (statistically uncommon and/or violates social norms); Distress (emotional suffering); Dysfunctional (for the person (e.g., work, school, relationships) or society)

Front 30

dopamine hypothesis

Back 30

The idea that schizophrenia involves an excess of dopamine activity.

Front 31

personality disorder

Back 31

Disorder characterized by deeply ingrained, inflexible patterns of thinking, feeling, or relating to others or controlling impulses that cause distress or impaired functioning.

Front 32

antisocial personality disorder (APD)

Back 32

A pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood.

Front 33

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Back 33

Severe anxiety after experiencing a traumatic event (natural disaster, war, sexual assault). Symptoms include flashbacks, nightmares, emotional numbing, general anxiety.