Psyc 001 Chapter 9: Human Development

Front 1

grasping reflex

Back 1

when a baby holds your finger

Front 2

rooting reflex

Back 2

turning and sucking that infants automatically engage in when a nipple or similar object touches an area near their mouths

Front 3

Early brain growth

Back 3

1. specific areas within the brain mature and become functional
2. regions of the brain learn to communicate with one another through synaptic connections

Front 4

myelination

Back 4

Brains way of insulating its "wires"-nerve fibers are wrapped in fatty sheath (like plastic coating around electrical wire)

process begins on the spinal cord during the first trimester of pregnancy and on the neurons during the second trimester

Front 5

synaptic pruning

Back 5

a process whereby the synaptic connections in the brain that are used are preserved, and those that are not used are lost

Front 6

sensitive periods

Back 6

time periods when specific skills develop most easily

Front 7

socioemotional development

Back 7

maturation of skills and abilities that enable people to live successfully in the world with other people

Front 8

emotion regulation

Back 8

a skill whereby people can productively express and cope with emotions without hurting themselves or others

Front 9

attachment

Back 9

a strong, intimate, emotional connection (bond) that persists over time and across circumstances

Front 10

Piaget's stages of development

Back 10

sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational

Front 11

assimilation

Back 11

process by which we place new information into an existing schema

Front 12

accommodation

Back 12

the process by which we create a new schema or drastically alter an existing schema to include new information that otherwise would not fit into the schema

Front 13

sensorimotor stage
(birth - age 2)

Back 13

infants acquire information about the world primarily through their senses and motor exploration. Reflexive responses develop into more deliberate actions through the development and refinement of schemas

Front 14

object permanence
(9 months)

Back 14

understanding that an object continues to exist even when it is hidden from view

Front 15

preoperational stage
(age 2 - age 7)

Back 15

children think about objects not in their immediate view, they think symbolically about objects, but they reason based on intuition and superficial appearance rather than logic

Front 16

centration

Back 16

limitation occurs when a preschooler cannot think about more than one detail of a problem-solving task at a time.

Front 17

egocentrism

Back 17

tendency of preoperational thinkers to view the world through their own experiences. They can understand how others feel and they have the capacity to care about others, but process revolves around their own perspectives

ex: a child covering his/her eyes believes that because s/he cannot see other people, other people cannot see him/her as well

Front 18

concrete operational stage
(age 7 - age 12)

Back 18

children begin to think about and understand logical operations, and they are no longer fooled by appearances. Cannot think abstractly or hypothetically

understand Law of Conservation of Quantity

Front 19

formal operational stage
(age 12 - )

Back 19

people can think abstractly and they can formulate and test hypotheses through deductive logic